今天大學(xué)路小編為大家?guī)砹?月14日雅思閱讀部分考試答案解析 雅思閱讀話題:人文科學(xué) 8月1日雅思閱讀考試真題答案,希望能幫助到大家,一起來看看吧!
8月14日的雅思考試已經(jīng)結(jié)束,有許多的留學(xué)生對(duì)于這次的考試真題比較有興趣,想要通過這些雅思真題來了解自己備考的方向。那么就到來看看2021年8月14日雅思考試在閱讀部分的真題解析吧。
一、2021年8月14日雅思閱讀真題與答案
Passage 1
主題:新西蘭木材
參考答案:
1 -6 判斷
1.?FALSE
2.?TRUE
3.?NOT GIVEN
4. FALSE
5.?TRUE
7-13 填空
7. shopping?cost
8. 待回憶
9.?export?sector
10.?60,000
11.?biggest?sector
12. soft word
13.?Scandinavian?countries
14.?Substitute
Passage 2
主題:鳥類使用工具的行為
參考答案:
15?- 21 heading匹配
15.?選 Reviewing?common?belief
16.?選 examples of different?spiecies?of bird's intelligence
17. 選 link between?capacity?of using?tools and survival
18. 選?Physiological?evidence?of bird's?intellgence
19. 選 link between?cognitive?ability?and society?communal performance
20. 選 white-winged chough
21.?選 how younger birds trick on others
22 -27 匹配
22. 選 New?Caledonian?Crows
23. 選 Black?Kite
24. 選?Black?Kite
25.?選 White-winged?Chough
26. 選?White-winged?Chough
27. 選?New?Caledonian?Crows
二、雅思閱讀考試的技巧
1.快速瀏覽全文
考生最好用1—2分鐘大致瀏覽全文,以便掌握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。
這一步驟雖短,但卻是訓(xùn)練及解題過程中的重點(diǎn)。文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)模式可以幫助考生更好地理解內(nèi)容,并理順句子或段落間的關(guān)系,以便在做題過程中有重點(diǎn)的跳讀。
2.解析題目
首先,無論遇到哪種題型,考生都應(yīng)盡可能地找出一些關(guān)鍵詞,以便迅速定出答案可能所在的區(qū)域。其次,考生應(yīng)對(duì)各種題型有較深入的理解。
尤其是每種題型的應(yīng)對(duì)方法。拿Matching的題來講,在General Reading和Academic Reading中就不一樣,一個(gè)是Matching of Information,另一個(gè)是Matching of Paragraph Headings,兩種題型的做法不一樣,在前者,考生應(yīng)將注意力集中在題中,將每個(gè)問題的核心詞標(biāo)出來,然后根據(jù)這些核心詞去文中找相應(yīng)的信息。
3.注意詞形變化
考生一定要特別注意詞形變化、同(近)義詞或是相關(guān)詞,因?yàn)轭}目中出現(xiàn)的詞不一定和文章中出現(xiàn)的詞一模一樣。
考生在平時(shí)訓(xùn)練中尤其要培養(yǎng)這方面的敏感度。核心詞盡量以信號(hào)詞為主,其次才是關(guān)鍵詞,這一找信息的方法尤其適用于雅思閱讀考試中的“Gap-filling、Table/Graph Filling、Sentence Completion、Short Answer Question、True/False以及Multiple Choice題目。
4.攻克單詞和句子閱讀
IELTS閱讀是考試一大難點(diǎn),很多考生在閱讀上失手。其主要存在以下幾個(gè)難點(diǎn):?jiǎn)卧~、句子閱讀、閱讀速度和考生主觀臆斷。
準(zhǔn)備單詞卡片,循環(huán)背誦一般IELTS閱讀中涉及詞匯量比較大,但考生具備4000左右即可應(yīng)考。單詞貧乏的考生,一定要及時(shí)補(bǔ)充詞匯,打下扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。在應(yīng)試時(shí)很容易遺忘或混淆單詞的意義,為了避免類似情況發(fā)生,一定要加強(qiáng)單詞意義的理解。
8月1號(hào)進(jìn)行了八月初的第一場(chǎng)雅思的考試,相信大家對(duì)真題以及答案會(huì)非常的感興趣、今天就由的我為大家介紹2020年8月1日雅思閱讀考試真題答案。
一、考題解析
P1 土地沙漠化
P2 澳大利亞的鸚鵡
P3 多重任務(wù)
二、名師點(diǎn)評(píng)
1.8月份首場(chǎng)考試的難度總體中等,有出現(xiàn)比較多的配對(duì)題,沒有出現(xiàn)Heading題,其余主要以常規(guī)的填空,判斷和選擇題為主。文章的話題和題型搭配也是在劍橋真題中都有跡可循,所以備考重心依然還是劍橋官方真題。
2. 整體分析:涉及環(huán)境類(P1)、動(dòng)物類(P2)、社科類(P3)。
本次考試的P2和P3均為舊題。P2是動(dòng)物類的話題,題型組合為:段落細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì)+單選+summary填空,難度中等。題型上也延續(xù)19年的出題特點(diǎn),出現(xiàn)配對(duì)題,考察定位速度和準(zhǔn)確度。P3也出現(xiàn)了段落細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì),主要是段落細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì)+單選+判斷。三種題型難度中等,但是文章理解起來略有難度。
3. 部分答案及參考文章:
Passage 1:土地沙漠化
題型及答案待確認(rèn)
Passage 2:澳大利亞的鸚鵡
題型:段落細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì)+單選+Summary填空
技巧分析:由于段落細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì)是完全亂序出題,在定位時(shí)需要先做后面的單選題及填空題,最大化利用已讀信息來確定答案,盡量避免重復(fù)閱讀,以保證充分的做題時(shí)間。
文章內(nèi)容及題目參考:
A 概況,關(guān)于一個(gè)大的生物種類
B 一些物種消失的原因,題干關(guān)鍵詞:an example of one bird species extinct
C 一種鸚鵡不能自己存活,以捕食另一種鳥為生,吃該鳥類的蛋。題干關(guān)鍵詞:two species competed at the expense of oneanother
D 吸引鸚鵡的原因以及鸚鵡嘴的特點(diǎn)。題干關(guān)鍵詞:*ysis of reasons as Australian landscapeattract parrots
E 植物是如何適應(yīng)鸚鵡。題干關(guān)鍵詞:plants attract birds which make the animal adaptto the environment
F 南半球?qū)τ⒄Z(yǔ)的影響
G 兩種鸚鵡從環(huán)境改變中獲益并存活下來。題干關(guān)鍵詞:two species of parrots benefit fromm theenvironment change
H 外來物種及本地鸚鵡
I 鳥類棲息地被破壞以及人類采取的措施
J 作者對(duì)于鸚鵡問題的態(tài)度
單選題:
why parrots in the whole world are lineal descendants of
選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞:continent split from Africa
the writer thinks parrots species beak is for
選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞:adjust to their suitable diet
which one is not mentioned
選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞:should be frequently maintained
填空題:分布在文章的前兩段
one-sixth
16th century
mapmaker
John Gould
Passage 3:多重任務(wù)
題型:段落細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì)+單選+判斷
參考答案及文章
28 F
29I
30C
31B
32G
33C
34B
35A
36YES
37YES
38NO
39NOT GIVEN
40NO
Passage3: multitasking
Multitasking Debate—Can you do them at the same time?
Talking on the phone while driving isn't the only situationwhere we're worse at multitasking than we might like to think we are. Newstudies have identified a bottleneck in our brains that some say means we arefundamentally incapable of true multitasking. If experimental findings reflectreal-world performance, people who think they are multitasking are probablyjust underperforming in all-or at best, all but one -of their parallelpursuits. Practice might improve your performance, but you will never be asgood as when focusing on one task at a time.
The problem, according to René Marois, a psychologist atVanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, is that there's a sticking pointin the brain. To demonstrate this, Marois devised an experiment to locate nteers watch a screen and when a particular image appears, a red circle,say, they have to press a key with their index finger. Different colouredcircles require presses from different fingers. Typical response time is about half a second, and thevolunteers quickly reach their peak performance. Then they learn to listen todifferent recordings and respond by making a specific sound. For instance, whenthey hear a bird chirp, they have to say "ba"; an electronic soundshould elicit a "ko", and so on. Again, no problem. A normal personcan do that in about half a second, with almost no effort. The trouble comeswhen Marois shows the volunteers an image, then almost immediately plays them asound. Now they're flummoxed. "If you show an image and play a sound atthe same time, one task is postponed," he says. In fact,if the second taskis introduced within the half-second or so it takes to process and react to thefirst, it will simply be delayed until the first one is done. The largestdual-task delays occur when the two tasks are presented simultaneously; delaysprogressively shorten as the interval between presenting the tasks lengthens(See Diagram).
There are at least three points where we seem to getstuck, says Marois. The first is in simply identifying what we're looking ?can take a few tenths of a second, during which time we are not able tosee and recognise a second item. This limitation is known as the"attentional blink": experiments have shown that if you're watchingout for a particular event and a second one shows up unexpectedly any timewithin this crucial window of concentration, it may register in your visualcortex but you will be unable to act upon it. Interestingly, if you don'texpect the first event, you have no trouble responding to the second. Whatexactly causes the attentional blink is still a matter for debate.
A second limitation is in our short-term visual 's estimated that we can keep track of about four items at a time, fewer ifthey are complex. This capacity shortage is thought to explain, in part, our astonishinginability to detect even huge changes in scenes that are otherwise identical,so-called "change blindness". Show people pairs of near-identicalphotos -say, aircraft engines in one picture have disappeared in the other -andthey will fail to spot the differences (if you don't believe it, check out theclips at /~rensink/flicker/download). Here again, though, thereis disagreement about what the essential limiting factor really is. Does itcome down to a dearth of storage capacity, or is it about how much attention aviewer is paying?
A third limitation is that choosing a response to astimulus -braking when you see a child in the road, for instance,or replyingwhen your mother tells you over the phone that she's thinking of leaving yourdad -also takes brainpower. Selecting a response to one of these things willdelay by some tenths of a second your ability to respond to the other. This iscalled the "response selection bottleneck" theory, first proposed in1952.
Last December, Marois and his colleagues published apaper arguing that this bottleneck is in fact created in two different areas ofthe brain: one in the posterior lateral prefrontal cortex and another in thesuperior medial frontal cortex (Neuron, vol 52, p 1109). They found this byscanning people's brains with functional MRI while the subjects struggled tochoose among eight possible responses to each of two closely timed tasks. Theydiscovered that these brain areas are not tied to any particular sense but aregenerally involved in selecting responses, and they seemed to queue theseresponses when presented with multiple tasks concurrently.
Bottleneck? What bottleneck?
But David Meyer, a psychologist at the University ofMichigan, Ann Arbor, doesn't buy the bottleneck idea. He thinks dual-taskinterference is just evidence of a strategy used by the brain to prioritisemultiple activities. Meyer is known as something of an optimist by his ?has written papers with titles like "Virtually perfect time-sharing indual-task performance: Uncorking the central cognitive bottleneck"(Psychological Science, vol 12, p101). His experiments have shown that withenough practice -at least 2000 tries -some people can execute two taskssimultaneously as competently as if they were doing them one after the ?suggests that there is a central cognitive processor that coordinates allthis and, what's more, he thinks it uses discretion: sometimes it chooses todelay one task while completing another.
Even with practice, not all people manage to achieve thisharmonious time-share, however. Meyer argues that individual differences comedown to variations in the character of the processor -some brains are just more"cautious", some more "daring". And despite urban legend,there are no noticeable
differences between men and women. So, according to him,it's not a central bottleneck that causes dual-task interference, but rather"adaptive executive control", which "schedules task processesappropriately to obey instructions about their relative priorities and serialorder".
Marois agrees that practice can sometimes eraseinterference effects. He has found that with just 1 hour of practice each dayfor two weeks, volunteers show a huge improvement at managing both his tasks atonce. Where he disagrees with Meyer is in what the brain is doing to achievethis. Marois speculates that practice might give us the chance to find lesscongested circuits to execute a task -rather like finding trusty back streetsto avoid heavy traffic on main roads -effectively making our response to thetask subconscious. After all, there are plenty of examples of subconsciou*ultitasking that most of us routinely manage: walking and talking, eating andreading, watching TV and folding the laundry.
But while some dual tasks benefit from practice, otherssimply do not. "Certain kinds of tasks are really hard to do two atonce," says Pierre Jolicoeur at the University of Montreal, Canada, whoalso studies multitasking. Dual tasks involving a visual stimulus andskeletal-motor response (which he dubs "in the eye and out the hand")and an auditory stimulus with a verbal response ("in the ear and out themouth") do seem to be amenable to practice, he says. Jolicoeur has foundthat with enough training such tasks can be performed as well together asapart. He speculates that the brain connections that they use may be somehowspecial, because we learn to speak by hearing and learn to move by looking. Butpair visual input with a verbal response, or sound to motor, and there's nodramatic improvement. "It looks like no amount of practice will allow youto combine these," he says.
For research purposes, these experiments have to be keptsimple. Real-world multitasking poses much greater challenges. Even the upbeatMeyer is sceptical about how a lot of us live our lives. Instant-messaging andtrying to do your homework? "It can't be done," he says. Conducting ajob interview while answering emails? "There's no way you wind up being asgood." Needless to say, there appear to be no researchers in the area ofmultitasking who believe that you can safely drive a car and carry on a phoneconversation. In fact, last year David Strayer at the University of Utah inSalt Lake City reported that people using cellphones drive no better thandrunks (Human Factors, vol 48, p 381). In another study, Strayer found thatusing a hands-free kit did not improve a driver's response time. He concludedthat what distracts a driver so badly is the very act of talking to someone whoisn't present in the car and therefore is unaware of the hazards facing thedriver.
“No researchers believe it's safe to drive a car andcarry on a phone conversation”
It probably comes as no surprise that, generallyspeaking, we get worse at multitasking as we age. According to Art Kramer atthe University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, who studies how ageing affectsour cognitive abilities, we peak in our 20s. Though the decline is slow throughour 30s and on into our 50s, it is there; and after 55, it becomes moreprecipitous. In one study, he and his colleagues had both young and oldparticipants do a simulated driving task while carrying on a conversation. Hefound that while young drivers tended to miss background changes, older driversfailed to notice things that were highly relevant. Likewise, older subjects hadmore trouble paying attention to the more important parts of a scene than youngdrivers.
It's not all bad news for over-55s, though. Kramer alsofound that older people can benefit from practice. Not only did they learn toperform better, brain scans showed that underlying that improvement was achange in the way their brains become active.
Whileit's clear that practice can often make a difference, especially as we age, thebasic facts remain sobering. "We have this impression of an almightycomplex brain," says Marois, "and yet we have very humbling andcrippling limits." For most of our history, we probably never needed to domore than one thing at a time, he says, and so we haven't evolved to be ableto. Perhaps we will in future, though. We might yet look back one day on peoplelike Debbie and Alun as ancestors of a new breed of true multitaskers.
以上就是大學(xué)路整理的8月14日雅思閱讀部分考試答案解析 雅思閱讀話題:人文科學(xué) 8月1日雅思閱讀考試真題答案相關(guān)內(nèi)容,想要了解更多信息,敬請(qǐng)查閱大學(xué)路。
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