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請問2023年5月20日雅思閱讀考試真題及答案解析(2023雅思閱讀真題全面解析及答案(2))

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請問2023年5月20日雅思閱讀考試真題及答案解析(2023雅思閱讀真題全面解析及答案(2))

請問2023年5月20日雅思閱讀考試真題及答案解析

您好,我是專注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢的小鐘老師。選擇留學(xué)是人生重要的決策之一,而作為您的指導(dǎo),我非常高興能為您提供最準(zhǔn)確的留學(xué)解答和規(guī)劃。無論您的問題是關(guān)于考試準(zhǔn)備、專業(yè)選擇、申請流程還是學(xué)校信息,我都在這里為您解答。更多留學(xué)資訊和學(xué)校招生介紹,歡迎隨時訪問。
在雅思考試中,閱讀考試對于一部分同學(xué)來說,有一點(diǎn)困難,還在備考的同學(xué),可以看看雅思考試的相關(guān)真題,下面是小鐘老師分享的2023年5月20日雅思閱讀考試真題及答案解析。
一、2023年5月20日雅思閱讀考試真題及答案
PASSAGE 1 :農(nóng)耕方式的發(fā)展
PASSAGE 2 :古代不同民族間的商品交易
PASSAGE 3 :溝通沖突
27. iii
28. vii
29. i
30. iv
31. ix
32. viii
33. v
34. ii
判斷
35. FALSE
36. TRUE
37. NOT GIVEN
38. TRUE
39. TRUE
單選
40. B
二、雅思閱讀考試形式
雅思閱讀考試分學(xué)術(shù)類和培訓(xùn)類兩種,分別針對申請留學(xué)的學(xué)生和計(jì)劃在英語語言國家參加工作或移民的人士。三篇文章40道題目總共用時60分鐘,包括將答案謄寫到答題卡上的時間。
學(xué)術(shù)類(A類)閱讀考試形式:IELTS考試閱讀(學(xué)術(shù)類)部分共有三篇文章,考生需要回答40道題目。每一篇文章所需要回答的問題數(shù)量并不相同。每一道問題相對應(yīng)一個分?jǐn)?shù)。文章內(nèi)容和題目均出現(xiàn)于問卷中。
培訓(xùn)類(G類)閱讀考試形式:IELTS 考試閱讀(培訓(xùn)類)部分共有三部分,文章難度由淺至深,考生需要回答40道題目。第一部分有14道題目,通常包含2到3篇短文或者若干段文字(如廣告 等)。第二和第三部分分別有13道題目。第二部分通常有2篇文章,第三部分則為一段較長的文章。文章內(nèi)容和題目均出現(xiàn)于問卷中。
三、雅思閱讀文章類型
1. 關(guān)于歐洲及世界社會發(fā)展,經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況,科學(xué)動向以及文化交流的文章
自1995年雅思考試的題型做出重大改革以后,有兩條原則就被命題的劍橋大學(xué)考試委員會(UCLES)反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)非專業(yè)原則和國際化原則。為了使 不同地域,不同政治經(jīng)濟(jì)體制,不同膚色,不同文化背景的人能平等且毫無理解困難地參與雅思,法律及專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的醫(yī)學(xué),生物學(xué),哲學(xué),文學(xué),藝術(shù)等的文章已 經(jīng)不再作為雅思的考查范圍。
2. 關(guān)于地球,自然界的科學(xué)現(xiàn)象及地理現(xiàn)象的文章
這種文章類型在I中最為普遍,其涵蓋面之廣無從細(xì)分,但就最近一年以來考試文章分析,主要還是以下幾種類型:
太空,宇宙概況,以及外星生物探討等。
全球氣候變暖,厄爾尼諾,洋流異常,臭氧層破壞。
地球?yàn)?zāi)難,火山爆發(fā),地震,彗星撞地球,森林大火,生物滅絕。
3. 人類歷史發(fā)展中重要事件,重要人物及重要標(biāo)志性產(chǎn)品
這也是雅思中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一種重要的文章類型,但自1998年開始對重要人物的考查總是和重要事件交織在一起,不再單獨(dú)羅列。人類歷史上的重大發(fā)明和表明人類文明輝煌成就的重大事件也是重點(diǎn)考查內(nèi)容(發(fā)明電視,電影,計(jì)算機(jī)及登陸月球)。
四、雅思閱讀考試題型
段落標(biāo)題(paragraphheadings)
在做雅思閱讀文章的時候,后面給出listofheadings,一般是10個左右選項(xiàng),其中含一到兩個段落及其標(biāo)題的例子。要求對題目中給出的段落,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容找出與其相匹配的段落標(biāo)題。盡管題目說明中提示一個選項(xiàng)可能會適用多個,但正式考試中一般一個選項(xiàng)只能用于一個段落。
段落標(biāo)題類答題步驟:
1.首先在listofheadings中劃去做為例子的heading或headings,以免在根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容在listofheadings中找出與其相匹配的段落標(biāo)題時,它(它們)會干擾考試者對其他headings的選擇。
2.在文章中把做為例子的段落劃掉,以免對例子段落進(jìn)行不必要的精讀。
3.對題目中給出的段落,按照首句(第1、二句)、末句和中間句尋找主題句的方法,在listofheadings中找出與其相匹配的段落標(biāo)題。
4.如果時間允許,按照文章的段落順序,對非題目中給出的段落及例子段落進(jìn)行快速閱讀,而對題目中給出并要求找出與其相匹配的段落標(biāo)題的段落進(jìn)行精讀。找出其關(guān)鍵意思后,再在listofheadings中找出與其相匹配的段落標(biāo)題。
5.選出幾個可能匹配的題目進(jìn)行比較(通常兩至三個),當(dāng)然其中只能有一個為正確答案。
6.對于第1種匹配題型可以將較難的題留在末尾進(jìn)行匹配,不要在較難的題上花費(fèi)更多的時間,而應(yīng)選擇較易回答的題目進(jìn)行匹配,末尾所剩即為該難題的答案。
7.要仔細(xì)檢察答案,特別是第1題型,因?yàn)榇疱e一題,便意味著答錯兩道題。
辨別正誤題型(True/false/notgiven):
該題型還涉及到:(notgiven/notmentioned)沒有提到,有時還會出現(xiàn)下列提法accurat/inaccurat準(zhǔn)確/不準(zhǔn)確;supported/contradicted一致/不一致。correct/incorrect正確與不正確。辨別正誤題型屬于難度較大的題型。通常在閱讀測試中的第三或第四部分出現(xiàn)。
在規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)如不能完成某一組題,留出一分鐘,用邏輯方法猜測答案做答。這一方法在回答辨別正誤(True;false;notgiven)題型時很有效。邏輯猜題在IELTS測試中是答題的一個很關(guān)鍵的方法。事實(shí)上由于時間的限制,很多題是通過此方法求出的。
辨別正誤題答題步驟:
1.詳細(xì)閱讀并理解答題指引部分,確定答題方式。
2.確切理解問句的含義,嚴(yán)格按照文章本身意思理解和推斷,不要想當(dāng)然。
3.找出問句中的關(guān)鍵詞語。
4.利用關(guān)鍵詞語在文章中確定答案位置。

以上信息希望能幫助您在留學(xué)申請的道路上少走彎路。如果您還有更多問題或需要深入探討,不要猶豫,您可以在我們的留學(xué)官方網(wǎng)站上找到更豐富的考試資訊、留學(xué)指導(dǎo)和*專家咨詢服務(wù)。我們的團(tuán)隊(duì)始終站在您的角度,為您的留學(xué)夢想全力以赴。祝您申請順利!

2023雅思閱讀真題全面解析及答案(2)

您好,我是專注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢的小鐘老師。在追尋留學(xué)夢想的路上,選擇合適的學(xué)校和專業(yè),準(zhǔn)備相關(guān)考試,都可能讓人感到迷茫和困擾。作為一名有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的留學(xué)顧問,我在此為您提供全方位的專業(yè)咨詢和指導(dǎo)。歡迎隨時提問!
小鐘老師為大家?guī)?023雅思閱讀真題全面解析及答案(2),歡迎大家參考!更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容請關(guān)注本站!
2023雅思閱讀真題全面解析及答案(2)
原文與譯文:
Yesterday, in the House of Commons, Charles Kennedy’s parliamentary colleagues gave moving tributes to his life. There is never a rush, of course, to speak ill of the dead, but these tributes had the clear ring of sincerity. David Cameron said his “character and courage inspired us all”, and Nick Clegg that he always put people before politics. Outside the commons, colleagues and friends have spoken repeatedly of Kennedy’s compassion, decency, and principled nature as well as of his ongoing battle with human frailty in the form of alcoholi*.
It seems Charles Kennedy displayed what the New York Times Columnist David Brooks would call “eulogy virtues”. In his most recent book “The Road to Character”, Brooks contrasts eulogy virtues like kindness, faithfulness and humility with what he calls resume virtues - the kind of things we put on our CV. He’s convinced that both eulogy virtues and resume virtues take work to develop, and is worried that western society pushes us to put our efforts into the ones that will help improve our careers, not our characters.
It's the age old question- what makes a good life? How do we go deeper amongst the clamour of a culture that monetises status anxiety and defines us by what earn, own or look like?
David Brook’s call for us to do the hard work of developing character, to cultivate self-restraint and self-suspicion in the age of the selfie stick, isn't really controversial. It's obvious, when we stop to think about it, that the real legacies of our lives aren’t job titles, twitter followers or cellulite free thighs. But how do we develop the eulogy virtues, when the gravitational pull of the self is so strong?
Christians would be the first to acknowledge that these virtues don't come naturally. The church’s hunch is that change happens through vulnerable, committed relationships. To overcome the tyrant self we must confess our frailty and darkest tendencies - first to God, and then to others.
Behavioural science is beginning to add evidence to what religions have long understood - virtue develops best in relational communities. Not short term communities of self interest made up of “people like us”, but awkward, diverse, grace filled communities, established for the long term. The New Testament encourages Christians to be part of communities like these, to encourage one another, bear with each other and create space for the hard conversations. To keep reminding each other of the virtues that matter and the things that last. These kind of communities aren't of course unique to Christianity, and they are often far from perfect, but if we want to be remembered not for our fleeting achievements but our depth of character, they might be the best hope we have.
昨天,在下議院,查爾斯·肯尼迪的同事為他的一生發(fā)表了催人淚下的悼詞。當(dāng)然,死者為大,沒有人會在死者尸骨未寒時說別人的不是。但是這些悼詞很明顯是真誠的。大衛(wèi)·卡梅倫說他的“品格和勇氣鼓舞了我們所有人”,尼克·克萊格說他總是把民眾放在政治前面。在下議院外,他的同事和朋友多次提到他的同情心,政治和原則性,并不斷與人類酗酒的劣根性做斗爭。
查爾斯·肯尼迪似乎體現(xiàn)了《*》專欄作家David Brooks所說的“悼詞美德”。在他最近的書《通往品格的道路》中,Brooks將善良,忠誠等悼詞美德與他所說的簡歷美德做了對比——也就是我們寫在簡歷上的品德。他相信,悼詞美德和簡歷美德都需要發(fā)揚(yáng)。他擔(dān)心西方世界導(dǎo)致我們努力塑造幫助我們職業(yè)發(fā)展的品德,而不是幫助性格成長的品德。
我們又要說一個老生常談的問題——怎樣才是好的生活?在宣揚(yáng)金錢至上,追求社會地位,根據(jù)收入,財(cái)產(chǎn)和外表來定義我們的浮躁社會,我們怎樣才能深入剖析自己的內(nèi)心世界?
David Brook呼吁我們努力塑造品格,在自我吹噓的環(huán)境中培養(yǎng)*和自審的品格,這并無爭議。很明顯,當(dāng)我們停下來認(rèn)真思考的時候,我們真正寶貴的財(cái)產(chǎn)并不是我們的職位,推特粉絲或沒有脂肪的大腿。但是在自我的萬有引力如此強(qiáng)大的情況下,我們怎樣培養(yǎng)悼詞美德?
基督徒們將最先站出來承認(rèn)這些美德并不是與生俱來的?;浇探塘x認(rèn)為,改變是在脆弱忠誠的關(guān)系中發(fā)生的。要克服殘暴的自我,我們必須承認(rèn)我們的脆弱和最黑暗的本性——首先是對上帝,然后是對自己。
行為科學(xué)不斷有證據(jù)表明各宗教很久以前就已經(jīng)理解的問題——道德在關(guān)系社會中發(fā)展得最快。不是由“跟我一樣的人”組成的短暫的利益團(tuán)體,而是長期的,尷尬的,多樣化的人組成的團(tuán)體。<<新約圣經(jīng)>>鼓勵基督徒成為這樣的團(tuán)體的一部分,鼓勵大家相互容忍,為艱難的對話打造空間?;ハ嗵嵝逊浅V匾牡赖潞陀篮愠志玫氖虑?。當(dāng)然,這些團(tuán)體并不是對基督教來說獨(dú)一無二的,而通常并不完美,但是,如果我們不是想要人們記住卓越的成就,而是希望人們記住我們的品德,這或許是我們最大的希望。
詞匯解釋:
1.moving adj. 感人的
It is very moving to see how much strangers can care for each other...
看到陌生人之間這般彼此關(guān)照,實(shí)在令人感動。
2.inspire vt. 鼓舞
These herbs will inspire you to try out all sorts of exotic-flavoured dishes!
這些香草會激發(fā)你去品嘗各種異國風(fēng)味的菜肴!
3.repeatedly adv.反復(fù)地,重復(fù)地
A list of items is repeatedly flashed up on the screen.
一個選項(xiàng)列表反復(fù)出現(xiàn)在屏幕上。
4.ongoing adj.不間斷的,進(jìn)行的
There is an ongoing debate on the issue.
對此問題的爭論一直沒有間斷過。
5.convince vt.使相信,說服
I'm not going to believe it myself, never mind convince anyone else.
我自己都不會相信,更別提說服別人了。
6.clamour n. 喧嘩聲,喧鬧
She could hear a clamour in the road outside.
她能聽得見外面路上的吵鬧聲。
7.acknowledge vt.承認(rèn)
You have to acknowledge that we live in a racist society.
你得承認(rèn)我們生活在一個有種族偏見的社會中。
8.fleeting adj. 疾馳的,飛逝的;短暫的
The world is like a fleeting show.
人世如白駒過隙。

希望以上的答復(fù)能對您的留學(xué)申請有所幫助。如果您有任何更詳細(xì)的問題或需要進(jìn)一步的協(xié)助,我強(qiáng)烈推薦您訪問我們的留學(xué)官方網(wǎng)站 ,在那里您可以找到更多專業(yè)的留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)資料以及*的咨詢服務(wù)。祝您留學(xué)申請順利!

2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析:Thomas Young

您好,我是專注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢的小鐘老師。在追尋留學(xué)夢想的路上,選擇合適的學(xué)校和專業(yè),準(zhǔn)備相關(guān)考試,都可能讓人感到迷茫和困擾。作為一名有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的留學(xué)顧問,我在此為您提供全方位的專業(yè)咨詢和指導(dǎo)。歡迎隨時提問!
對于雅思考生來說,劍橋雅思閱讀題難不難?下面就和小鐘老師一起來看看2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析:Thomas Young。

Thomas Young
The Last True Know-It-All
A Thomas Young (1773-1829) contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica, including 46 biographical entries (mostly on scientists and classicists) and substantial essays on "Bridge,” "Chromatics," "Egypt," "Languages" and "Tides". Was someone who could write authoritatively about so many subjects a polymath, a genius or a dilettante? In an ambitious new biography, Andrew Robinson argues that Young is a good contender for the epitaph "the last man who knew everything." Young has competition, however: The phrase, which Robinson takes for his title, also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies: Leonard Warren's 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy (1823-1891) and Paula Findlen's 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680), another polymath.
B Young, of course, did more than write encyclopedia entries. He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday. In the paper, Young explained the process of accommodation in the human eye on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances. Young hypothesized that this was achieved by changes in the shape of the lens. Young also theorized that light traveled in waves and he believed that, to account for the ability to see in color, there must be three receptors in the eye corresponding to the three "principal colors" to which the retina could respond: red, green, violet. All these hypothesis were subsequently proved to be correct.
C Later in his life, when he was in his forties, Young was instrumental in cracking the code that unlocked the unknown script on the Rosetta Stone, a tablet that was "found" in Egypt by the Napoleonic army in 1799. The stone contains text in three alphabets: Greek, something unrecognizable and Egyptian hieroglyphs. The unrecognizable script is now known as demotic and, as Young deduced, is related directly to hieroglyphic. His initial work on this appeared in his Britannica entry on Egypt. In another entry, he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India. These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who, unlike many remarkable children, did not disappear into oblivion as an *.
D Born in 1773 in Somerset in England, Young lived from an early age with his maternal grandfather, eventually leaving to attend boarding school. He haddevoured books from the age of two, and through his own initiative he excelled at Latin, Greek, mathematics and natural philosophy. After leaving school, he was greatly encouraged by his mother's uncle, Richard Brocklesby, a physician and Fellow of the Royal Society. Following Brocklesby's lead, Young decided to pursue a career in medicine. He studied in London, following the medical circuit, and then moved on to more formal education in Edinburgh, Gottingen and Cambridge. After completing his medical training at the University of Cambridge in 1808, Young set up practice as a physician in London. He soon became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a few years later was appointed physician at St. George's Hospital.
E Young's skill as a physician, however, did not equal his skill as a scholar of natural philosophy or linguistics. Earlier, in 1801, he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution, where he delivered as many as 60 lectures in a year. These were published in two volumes in 1807. In 1804 Young had become secretary to the Royal Society, a post he would hold until his death. His opinions were sought on civic and national matters, such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction. From 1819 he was superintendent of the Nautical Almanac and secretary to the Board of Longitude. From 1824 to 1829 he was physician to and inspector of calculations for the Palladian Insurance Company. Between 1816 and 1825 he contributed his many and various entries to the Encyclopedia Britannica, and throughout his career he authored numerous books, essays and papers.
F Young is a perfect subject for a biography - perfect, but daunting. Few men contributed so much to so many technical fields. Robinson's aim is to introduce non-scientists to Young's work and life. He succeeds, providing clear expositions of the technical material (especially that on optics and Egyptian hieroglyphs). Some readers of this book will, like Robinson, find Young's accomplishments impressive; others will see him as some historians have - as a dilettante. Yet despite the rich material presented in this book, readers will not end up knowing Young personally. We catch glimpses of a playful Young, doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs. Young was introduced into elite society, attended the theatre and learned to dance and play the flute. In addition, he was an accomplished horseman. However, his personal life looks pale next to his vibrant career and studies.
G Young married Eliza Maxwell in 1804, and according to Robinson, "their marriage was a happy one and she appreciated his work." Almost all we know about her is that she sustained her husband through some rancorous disputes about optics and that she worried about money when his medical career was slow to take off. Very little evidence survives about the complexities of Young's relationships with his mother and father. Robinson does not credit them, or anyone else, with shaping Young's extraordinary mind. Despite the lack of details concerning Young's relationships, however, anyone interested in what it means to be a genius should read this book.
Questions 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
1 “The last man who knew everything” has also been claimed to other people.
2 All Young’s articles were published in Encyclopedia Britannica.
3 Like others, Young wasn't so brilliant when grew up.
4 Young's talents as a doctor are surpassing his other skills.
5 Young's advice was sought by people responsible for local and national issues.
6 Young was interested in various social pastimes.
7 Young suffered from a disease in his later years.
Questions 8-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
8 How many life stories did Young write for Encyclopedia Britannica?
9 What aspect of scientific research did Young do in his first academic paper?
10 What name did Young introduce to refer to a group of languages?
11 Who inspired Young to start the medical studies?
12 Where did Young get a teaching position?
13 What contribution did Young make to London?
文章題目:
Thomas Young—The Last True Know-it All
托馬斯·楊——最后一個無所不知的人
篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
體裁人物傳記
題目托馬斯·楊——最后一個無所不知的人
結(jié)構(gòu)A段:托馬斯·楊對百科全書的主要成就
B段:托馬斯年輕時的主要成就
C段:托馬斯晚年的主要成就
D段:托馬斯童年的生活背景及成長經(jīng)歷
E段:托馬斯作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者取得的成就
F段: 托馬斯在其他領(lǐng)域的成就
G段:托馬斯的感情生活
試題分析
Question 1-7
題目類型:True / false /not given
題號定位詞文中對應(yīng)點(diǎn)題目解析
1Other peopleA段第四句“Young has competition, however: The phrase, which Robinson takes for his title, also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies: Leonard Warren's 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy (1823-1891) and Paula Findlen's 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680), another polymath.”該句中明確給出了Young還有其他的競爭者,他們的傳記中也同樣擁有這樣的小標(biāo)題,分別是Leonard Warren寫的關(guān)于Joseph Leidy的傳記,以及 Paula Findlen's寫的關(guān)于Athanasius Kircher的傳記。
因此,本題答案為True
2all, articlesB段第一、二句B段第一句 “Young, of course, did more than write encyclopedia entries.”明確表示Young所做的遠(yuǎn)不僅僅是編輯大英百科全書的詞條,因此并不是所有的都在百科全書。而在本段第二句中,作者指出,Young在20歲的時候?qū)⒆约旱牡谝黄撐淖运]給倫敦皇家學(xué)會,并在一年后成為該學(xué)會的會員: He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday。Paper與article為近意思。顯然,題干與原文含義相反。
因此,本題答案為False
3likeC段最后一句C段整體是在介紹Young晚年的主要成就,即Young長大后的成就。此外,在C段最后一句中,作者明確指出Young和其他的孩子不同的一點(diǎn)在于,Young并沒有像其他那些年少成名而后來江郎才盡的孩子一樣,他后來同樣取得了非凡的成就: These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who, unlike many remarkable children, did not disappear into oblivion as an *.句中的unlike為like的反義詞,顯然題干與原文含義相反。
因此,本題答案為False
4surpassingD段第四、七句D段介紹了Young的成長背景和經(jīng)歷,同時體現(xiàn)出其涉獵范圍較為廣泛。其中第四句中提到Y(jié)oung決定學(xué)醫(yī),并且在后面的介紹中指出Young還參加戲劇演出,學(xué)習(xí)跳舞和吹笛子: He then broke with his Quaker upbringing by attending the theater and learning to dance and play the flute. In addition, he was an accomplished horseman.而在第七句中作者指出Young還是一名杰出的馬術(shù)師。但是并未指出Young在哪個方面的造詣更高,更有天賦。Surpassing這個概念并沒有在文中體現(xiàn)。
因此,本題答案為Not Given
5soughtE段第四句“ His opinions were sought on civic and national matters”,文中表明Young的很多觀點(diǎn)關(guān)注人民和國家事務(wù)。題干與原文含義相同。
因此,本題答案為True
6Interested in, social pastimeF段第七句“We catch glimpses of a playful Young, doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs.”文中指出,通過Young的醫(yī)學(xué)演講中亂寫的希臘字母和拉丁短語以及將一位年輕女性寫在涼亭上的詩歌翻譯成希臘挽歌便能看出他的幽默。顯然,Young對于這樣的社交娛樂是感興趣的。題干和原文相符合。
因此,本題答案為True
7disease, later yearsC段第一句,G段第一句C段第一句給出了“l(fā)ater in his life,”但是本段近講述了Young晚年在學(xué)術(shù)方面的成就;G段給出了Young的婚后生活,以及Robinson在書中并未提及Young與父母間的關(guān)系。但無論哪一個點(diǎn)都沒有提及其晚年飽受某種疾病之苦。
因此,本題答案為Not Given
題目類型:Short-answer question
8life storiesA段第一句“Thomas Young (1773-1829) contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica, including 46 biographical entries (mostly on scientists and classicists)…”該劇中的“biographical entries”指傳記詞條,與題干中的life stories表示相同涵義。
因此,本題答案為46
9first academic paperB段第三句“In the paper, on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances, Young hypothesized that deformation of the crystalline lens accomplished the accommodation.”B段段首表明,Young將自己的第一篇論文自薦給了倫敦皇家學(xué)會學(xué)會。因此本段討論的是其第一篇論文。而本段第三句指出,在這篇論文中,Young主要討論了人類眼球的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制
因此,本題答案為humaneye或human eye accommodation
10a group of languagesC段第五句“In another entry, he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India.”該句指出,Young創(chuàng)造了術(shù)語 Indo-European來描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語言。
因此,本題答案為Indo-European
11inspire, medical studiesD段第四句D段前面介紹了Young童年時期的生活背景。本段第四句中則指出:“Following Brocklesby's lead, Young decided to pursue a career in medicine.”。顯然,正是因?yàn)?Richard Brocklesby的引導(dǎo),Young才決定在醫(yī)學(xué)方面有所建樹。
因此,本題答案為 Richard Brocklesby
12teaching positionE段第二句“ Earlier, in 1801, he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution”,題干中的teaching position與E段第二句中的professorship均表示“教師職位”,該句明確指出,Young作為自然哲學(xué)的教授,受聘于英國科學(xué)研究所。
因此,本題答案為 Royal Institution
13LondonE段第五句“His opinions were sought on civic and national matters, such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction.”E段主要介紹了Young作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者取得的成就。而第五句則列舉了Young的兩個成就,其對于倫敦的所做出的成就在于煤氣照明的引入。
因此,本題答案為gas lighting
A我們該怎樣理解托馬斯·楊(1773-1829)?他是《大不列顛百科全書》中63篇文章的作者,其中包括46篇傳記(大部分都是關(guān)于科學(xué)家和古典學(xué)者),和大量關(guān)于“橋” “色彩論” “埃及” “語吉” “潮汐”等的論文。一個能夠?qū)懗鲞@樣多有權(quán)威性文章的人應(yīng)該算是一個博學(xué)者? 一個天才?還是一個業(yè)余興趣廣泛的人呢?在一篇關(guān)于他的比較激進(jìn)的傳記中,Andrew Robinson 認(rèn)為托馬斯楊是-位強(qiáng)有力的競爭者能夠配得這樣的墓志銘“是最后一個知道任何事的人”。但是楊也要面對競爭:因?yàn)檫@樣的傳記標(biāo)題Robinson不僅給了他,也作為副標(biāo)題給了有關(guān)另兩位學(xué)者的傳記:Lenard Warren 1998年著的《古生物學(xué)家Joseph Leipy的一生》(1823-1891)以及Paula Findlen 2023年著的關(guān)于另一位博學(xué)者Athanasius Kircher(1602-1680)的傳記。
B當(dāng)然楊的貢獻(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)不止寫了很多百科全書上的文章,他在20歲的時候?qū)⒆约旱牡谝黄撐淖运]給倫敦皇家學(xué)會,并在他的21歲生日后被評為一周科學(xué)人物,楊在該篇論文中解釋了人類眼睛的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制一一關(guān)于眼睛如何通過不同的距離聚焦在物體上。在后面的文章中,他更加全面地探討了這個問題,類似牛頓,他在自己身上進(jìn)行了可怕的實(shí)驗(yàn)用以獲得相關(guān)的證據(jù),他還得出這樣的理論:光是通過“以太”分子的振動,以波的形式進(jìn)行傳遞的,而“以太”是一種假想物質(zhì),其存在還存在爭議性。他還認(rèn)為為了能看見顏色,必須要有3個感應(yīng)器對“三原色”進(jìn)行感應(yīng),而這三種視網(wǎng)膜對其產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)的顏色就是紅,黃,藍(lán)二種顏色。
C在他人生的晚些時候,也就是40多歲的時候,楊試圖破解鎖在羅塞塔石碑里的未知文字密碼,這個石碑是在1799年在埃及被拿破侖的軍隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的,并且從1802年起就在英國博物館進(jìn)行展出。該石碑上包含了 3種不同的字母:希臘語,不可辨識的文字以及埃及的象形文字。這種不可辨識的文字現(xiàn)在被認(rèn)為是正如楊所推斷的是很普通的,是和象形文字直接相關(guān)的。他最初有關(guān)這方面的工作首次出現(xiàn)在他在《大不列顛百科全書》中編纂的詞條。在另一個條目中,他創(chuàng)造了術(shù)語“Indo-European”來描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語言。這些都是這是這位從小就展露科學(xué)天賦并且不像很多孩子后來江郎才盡的科學(xué)家獲得的里程碑式的成就。
D托馬斯·楊出生在英國薩默塞特郡一個虔誠的教友會教徒家庭,從小和他的外公一起長大,最后去了寄宿學(xué)校。他兩歲的時候就博覽群書,并且自學(xué)熟練掌握了拉丁語,希臘語,數(shù)學(xué)以及哲學(xué),在很大程度上他受到了舅舅Richard Brocklesby的鼓勵,他的舅舅也是英國皇家學(xué)會的一位內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在Brocklesby的引導(dǎo)下,楊決定要在醫(yī)學(xué)方而有所建樹,他曾先后在倫敦大學(xué)、愛丁堡大學(xué)和格丁根大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué),多虧了Brocklesby的引薦,楊進(jìn)入了英國皇家學(xué)會,他最后也打破了從小在教友會的教育,他參加戲劇演出,學(xué)習(xí)跳舞和吹笛子,此外,他還是一位杰出的馬術(shù)師。在1808年結(jié)束在劍橋大學(xué)的醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)后,楊在倫敦開了一家診所,很快他就成為皇家內(nèi)科醫(yī)生學(xué)會的一員,并且?guī)啄旰蟪蔀槭讨吾t(yī)院的一名內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。
E楊作為內(nèi)科醫(yī)生的醫(yī)術(shù)卻趕不上他作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者或是語言學(xué)家取得的成就,早在1801年,他已經(jīng)被任命為英國皇家學(xué)會的教授,他每年要在那里舉辦60場的講座。這些講座在1807年以兩本書的形式進(jìn)行出版。1804年楊就已經(jīng)成為英國朵家學(xué)會的秘書,而他獲此殊榮直至去世。他的很多觀點(diǎn)關(guān)注人民和國家事務(wù),比如說在倫敦引進(jìn)煤氣照明和造船方法。從1819年起,他就是航海天文年歷的主要負(fù)責(zé)人,也是Board of Longitude的秘書。從1824年到1829年,他擔(dān)任Palladian 保險(xiǎn)公司的精算師和內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在1816年和1825年間,他為《大不列顛百科全書》編纂了許多詞條,而且窮其一生著作,論文無數(shù)。
F我們通過楊在醫(yī)學(xué)課上胡亂寫的希臘字母和拉丁文短語以及他將一位年輕的女士寫在避暑山莊墻上的詩句翻譯成挽歌可以看出他的幽默,但是他的個人生活也因?yàn)樽约簩ぷ骱脱芯康娜橥度攵燥@蒼白。
G他在1804年和Eliza Maxwell結(jié)婚,據(jù)Robinson所述“他們的婚姻是幸福的,因?yàn)樗姆蛉诵蕾p他的工作”。我們對于他夫人的了解僅限于她在她丈夫備受一些關(guān)于眼睛的理論方面爭議的時候總是堅(jiān)定地支持他,并且當(dāng)他的醫(yī)學(xué)生涯開始慢慢起飛的時候,她開始有些擔(dān)心錢的問題。值得一提的是,楊沒有被保護(hù)的人,他都是和自己的導(dǎo)師進(jìn)行互動一一先是他的外公,后是Brocklesby一一還有先于他過失的一些偉人(其中很多是很著名的如牛頓,楊最早在17歲讀了他寫的書)。但是關(guān)于楊和他母親以及父親的關(guān)系的記述卻鮮力人知,Robinson在說到楊的非凡的頭腦時也并沒有將其歸功于他的父母,或許很難有這樣的巧合:過去的天才都是由于卓越的父母教育造就的。

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