雅思劍橋12 test6閱讀1 劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析

雅思劍橋12 test6閱讀1 劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析很多朋友對(duì)這方面很關(guān)心，大學(xué)路整理了相關(guān)文章，供大家參考，一起來看一下吧！

本文目錄一覽：

• 1、劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析
• 2、請(qǐng)問2023年6月17日雅思閱讀真題與答案
• 3、2023年6月30日雅思閱讀真題整理

劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析

做好雅思的閱讀題除了掌握對(duì)的 方法 ，也離不開我們?nèi)粘５男燎诰毩?xí)，下面我給大家?guī)韯蜓潘奸喿xAUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS及答案解析，一起加油吧！

劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS

A They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sport*en and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.

B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one — such as building muscle strength in golfers — to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. ‘We can’t waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don’t help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,’ says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.

C A lot of their work comes down to measurement — everything from the exact angle of a swimmer’s dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. It’s the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D *ysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he *yses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason’s contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (Swimming Analysis) system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer’s performance into factors that can be *ysed individually — stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmer.

D ‘Take a look,’ says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? ‘His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,’ says Mason. ‘If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better.’ This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists’ research is bringing to a range of sports. With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete’s clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete’s ability to run. There’s more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes’ saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.

E Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‘competition model’, based on what they expect will be the winning times.’ You design the model to make that time,’ says Mason.’ A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.’ All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the world’s most successful sporting nation.

F Of course, there’s nothing to stop other countries copying — and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists’ and rowers’ times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the ‘a(chǎn)ltitude tent’, developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australia’s success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.

劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS題目

Questions 1-7

Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports

2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations

3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity

4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced

5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated

6 an overview of the funded support of athletes

7 how performance requirements are calculated before an event

Questions 8-11

Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states they

A are currently exclusively used by Australians

B will be used in the future by Australians

C are currently used by both Australians and their rivals

Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.

8 cameras

9 sensors

10 protein tests

11 altitude tents

Questions 12 and 13

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS ANDIOR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.

12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?

13 By how much did some cyclists’ performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?

劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS答案

Question 1

答案：B

關(guān)鍵詞：exchange of expertise, between different sports/collaborate, across a number of sports

定位原文：B段第2、3句“...and collaborates with… a number of sports …”

解題思路: 題干中講到不同體育領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)知識(shí)交流正好跟原文中跨不同體育專家之間的合作相對(duì)應(yīng)，理解意思即可容易找到正確答案。

Question 2

答案：C

關(guān)鍵詞: visual imaging/3D, image

定位原文: C段第6句: “...shows off the prototype of a 3D *ysis …”

解題思路: 通過題干中的視頻成像可以很容易找到原文中對(duì)應(yīng)的3D和成像。

Question 3

答案：B

關(guān)鍵詞: a reason for narrowing/ can’t waste time

定位原文: B段最后1句: “We can’t waste our time looking…”

解題思路: 題目中的research activity和原文中的scientific questions 屬于同義表達(dá)，定位答題區(qū)域，發(fā)現(xiàn)此句話所要表達(dá)的意思是不在一些飄渺的、不切實(shí)際的科學(xué)問題上浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，也就是說要縮小研究的范圍。

Question 4

答案：F

關(guān)鍵詞：AIS ideas reproduce/ copying

定位原文: F段第1句話 “Of course, there’s nothing…”

解題思路: 題干中的reproduce是復(fù)制的意思，之后從 文章 中發(fā)現(xiàn) 句子 有復(fù)制copying，即可以直接定位。

Question 5

答案：D

關(guān)鍵詞：Obstacle, investigated/ impact, monitor

定位原文: D段第6句“... to monitor heart rate…”

解題思路: 題干提到理想成績(jī)的障礙是如何被調(diào)查研究的，而讀到對(duì)應(yīng)句子之后看到正好是sensors(傳感器)對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員跑步的impact(影響)進(jìn)行研究的儀器，而且obstacles和impact對(duì)應(yīng)。

Question 6

答案：A

關(guān)鍵詞：Overview, funded support finance

定位原文: A段倒數(shù)第2句 “...finances programmes of excellence…”

解題思路: finances是解題關(guān)鍵，意思為資助，正好跟題干中funded support表達(dá)了相同的義項(xiàng)，直接對(duì)應(yīng)。而且之后一句話提及以上項(xiàng)目所提供的服務(wù)和建議，可以確信答案。

Question 7

答案：E

關(guān)鍵詞：Calculated before an event/ using data, well before a championship

定位原文: E段第1句、第2句 “Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, ...”

解題思路: 首先通過well before a championship和文章中before an event定位到E段， 之后發(fā)現(xiàn)后面提及的“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)模型”作用就是計(jì)算時(shí)間和速率，因此內(nèi)容對(duì)應(yīng)上calculate，此時(shí)可斷定答案的位置。

Question 8

答案：A

關(guān)鍵詞: digital cameras

定位原文: C段倒數(shù)第3句: “..SWAN system now used in Australian national…”

解題思路: 前一句已經(jīng)提到該系統(tǒng)已廣泛應(yīng)用于澳大利亞各項(xiàng)全國(guó)賽事之中，而沒有提到其他國(guó)家，因此可以判斷應(yīng)該只有澳大利亞人在使用。

Question 9

答案：B

關(guān)鍵詞：sensor

定位原文: D段第7句：“...With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro…”

解題思路: 找到相同對(duì)應(yīng)詞sensor，讀其前后的句子，發(fā)現(xiàn)有 Melbourne，斷定是澳大利亞人的發(fā)明。之后要特別留心動(dòng)詞develop運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示正在開發(fā);而且注意之后的定語從句采用了將來時(shí)，所以可以斷定此發(fā)明還沒有完成，應(yīng)該屬于將來的成果。因此選擇B。

Question 10

答案: A

關(guān)鍵詞：protein

定位原文: D段倒數(shù)第4句: “… AIS and the University of Newcastle…”

解題思路: 非常容易在前面第一句話中找到跟題目protein tests所對(duì)應(yīng)的詞語a test ...protein。之后細(xì)讀前后句，發(fā)現(xiàn)后面一句話對(duì)于此項(xiàng)科技成果的受益者文章中只提到AIS運(yùn)動(dòng)員，即澳大利亞體育學(xué)院的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，隸屬于澳大利亞，所以應(yīng)該選擇A。

Question 11

答案：C

關(guān)鍵詞: altitude tent

定位原文: F段倒數(shù)第2句: “The same has happened to the ‘a(chǎn)ltitude tent ’…”

解題思路: 文章中很容易找到用引號(hào)括起來的題目中的名詞 短語 ，因此只要細(xì)心讀原句，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)開頭的‘The same has happened...’同樣的事情也發(fā)生在……根據(jù) 經(jīng)驗(yàn) 應(yīng)該順著文章向上追溯，發(fā)現(xiàn)跟‘a(chǎn)ltitude tent’相同情況的是1996年奧運(yùn)會(huì)上澳大利亞人受益的流線型散熱運(yùn)動(dòng)服現(xiàn)在全世界都在用。因此 ‘a(chǎn)ltitude tent’也被世界各國(guó)應(yīng)用。所以答案應(yīng)該選擇C。且根據(jù)此段話大意可以了解文章只提到兩種研究成果被別國(guó)運(yùn)用，即髙原帳蓬和流線型散熱服。所以可以間接判斷前三項(xiàng)成果是由澳大利人獨(dú)享的。

Question 12

答案： (a)competition model

關(guān)鍵詞： help an athlete plan, produced / prepare the athlete by, developing

定位原文: E段第1句“Using data…”

解題思路: Help an athlete plan their performance 對(duì)應(yīng)上prepare the athlete by之后，要認(rèn)真研究題目所問的是what is produced,斷定所作答案必定要填一個(gè)名詞。因此要細(xì)讀原文發(fā)現(xiàn)有單詞developing恰與produced相對(duì)應(yīng)，中文意思是“開發(fā)”，則答案必定是開發(fā)之后的名詞。

Question 13

答案： (by)2 percent/%

關(guān)鍵詞： 19% Olympic Games, cyclists, improve

定位原文: F段第3句“At the Atlanta…”

解題思路: 分析問句是 ‘By how much... improve’，意思為“提高了多少”，可以判斷出答案需要寫一個(gè)數(shù)字。因此仔細(xì)閱讀相關(guān)語句找到 sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists ‘a(chǎn)nd rowers’ time。很快就可以找到數(shù)字百分之二

。

請(qǐng)問2023年6月17日雅思閱讀真題與答案

您好，我是專注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢的小鐘老師。選擇留學(xué)是人生重要的決策之一，而作為您的指導(dǎo)，我非常高興能為您提供最準(zhǔn)確的留學(xué)解答和規(guī)劃。無論您的問題是關(guān)于考試準(zhǔn)備、專業(yè)選擇、申請(qǐng)流程還是學(xué)校信息，我都在這里為您解答。更多留學(xué)資訊和學(xué)校招生介紹，歡迎隨時(shí)訪問。
在雅思考試中，閱讀考試是很容易拿到高分的， 在訓(xùn)練雅思閱讀的時(shí)候可以拿出雅思近期的真題來訓(xùn)練，小鐘老師分享了2023年6月17日雅思閱讀真題與答案。
一、2023年6月17日雅思閱讀真題與答案
Passage 1
主題：訓(xùn)練動(dòng)物的語言
參考答案：
Passage 2
主題：錢幣歷史
參考答案：
15-18 選擇
15. 選silver ingots
16. 選it is difficult to obtain
17. 選it was evaluated higher price
18. 選the chief of a tribe
19. 選pour molten iron into sand mould
20-27 匹配
20. 配Tantrum
21. 配Oban＇s
22. 配Penny
23. 配Cross
24. 配Babylon
25. 配Japanese money tree
26. 配dog teeth
27. 配whale tooth
Passage 3
主題：Elephant communication
參考答案：
28-38 填空
28. hammer
29. body
30. pad
31. cavities
32. trunks and feet
33. infrasonic
34. ecology
35. sei*ic messages
36. acoustic communication
37. mate
38. ground
39-40 單選
39. A
40. C
二、雅思閱讀考試形式
雅思閱讀考試分學(xué)術(shù)類和培訓(xùn)類兩種，分別針對(duì)申請(qǐng)留學(xué)的學(xué)生和計(jì)劃在英語語言國(guó)家參加工作或移民的人士。三篇文章40道題目總共用時(shí)60分鐘，包括將答案謄寫到答題卡上的時(shí)間。
學(xué)術(shù)類閱讀考試形式：IELTS考試閱讀（學(xué)術(shù)類）部分共有三篇文章，考生需要回答40道題目。每一篇文章所需要回答的問題數(shù)量并不相同。每一道問題相對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)。文章內(nèi)容和題目均出現(xiàn)于問卷中。
培訓(xùn)類閱讀考試形式：IELTS 考試閱讀（培訓(xùn)類）部分共有三部分，文章難度由淺至深，考生需要回答40道題目。第一部分有14道題目，通常包含2到3篇短文或者若干段文字（如廣告 等）。第二和第三部分分別有13道題目。第二部分通常有2篇文章，第三部分則為一段較長(zhǎng)的文章。文章內(nèi)容和題目均出現(xiàn)于問卷中。
三、雅思閱讀文章類型
1. 關(guān)于歐洲及世界社會(huì)發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，科學(xué)動(dòng)向以及文化交流的文章
自1995年雅思考試的題型做出重大改革以后，有兩條原則就被命題的劍橋大學(xué)考試委員會(huì)（UCLES）反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)非專業(yè)原則和國(guó)際化原則。為了使 不同地域，不同政治經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，不同膚色，不同文化背景的人能平等且毫無理解困難地參與雅思，法律及專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的醫(yī)學(xué)，生物學(xué)，哲學(xué)，文學(xué)，藝術(shù)等的文章已 經(jīng)不再作為雅思的考查范圍。
就可能涉獵的文章類型而言，以下幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容經(jīng)常作為考點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)：
世界范圍的就業(yè)狀況。
語言學(xué)，考古學(xué)，生物學(xué)，簡(jiǎn)單醫(yī)學(xué)（單詞量不會(huì)影響對(duì)文章的理解）。
世界范圍內(nèi)的教育狀況，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的問題，機(jī)遇及挑戰(zhàn)（糧食，能源）。
女權(quán)注意及女性歧視問題。
環(huán)境保護(hù)（海洋，生物，陸地，森林等）及環(huán)境污染（化學(xué)，石油泄漏等）。
種族，民族問題。
人*炸及居住問題，城市化及相關(guān)問題（交通擁擠，設(shè)施缺乏，噪聲等）。
2. 關(guān)于地球，自然界的科學(xué)現(xiàn)象及地理現(xiàn)象的文章
這種文章類型在I中最為普遍，其涵蓋面之廣無從細(xì)分，但就最近一年以來考試文章分析，主要還是以下幾種類型：
太空，宇宙概況，以及外星生物探討等。
全球氣候變暖，厄爾尼諾，洋流異常，臭氧層破壞。
地球?yàn)?zāi)難，火山爆發(fā)，地震，彗星撞地球，森林大火，生物滅絕。
3. 人類歷史發(fā)展中重要事件，重要人物及重要標(biāo)志性產(chǎn)品。
這也是雅思中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一種重要的文章類型，但自1998年開始對(duì)重要人物的考查總是和重要事件交織在一起，不再單獨(dú)羅列。人類歷史上的重大發(fā)明和表明人類文明輝煌成就的重大事件也是重點(diǎn)考查內(nèi)容（發(fā)明電視，電影，計(jì)算機(jī)及登陸月球）。
雅思閱讀長(zhǎng)難句歸類
加復(fù)雜修飾的簡(jiǎn)單句
例：At various points in evolutionary history， enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land， sometimes even to the most parched（炎熱的，干旱的） deserts， taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular（細(xì)胞的） fluids. （劍9 Test 1 Passage 3）。
并列句
如果句子包含兩個(gè)或更多互不依從的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，就是并列句。并列句中的分句通常用一個(gè)并列連詞來連接，最常見的并列連詞有and， or 和but。
例：An alien civilisation could choose many different ways of sending information across the galaxy（星系）， but many of these either require too much energy， or else are severely attenuated （衰減的）while traversing the vast distances across the galaxy.（劍9 Test 1 Passage 2）。
各種從句
從句不能單獨(dú)成句，但它也有主語部分和謂語部分，就像一個(gè)句子一樣。從句可以分為：主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句6類。前四類從句在句子的功用相當(dāng)于名詞，所以通稱名詞性從句；定語從句功能相當(dāng)于形容詞，稱為形容詞性從句；而狀語從句功能相當(dāng)于副詞，稱為副詞性從句。
例：Second， we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us， since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form， quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. （劍9 Test 1 Passage 2）。

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2023年6月30日雅思閱讀真題整理

您好，我是專注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢的小鐘老師。在追尋留學(xué)夢(mèng)想的路上，選擇合適的學(xué)校和專業(yè)，準(zhǔn)備相關(guān)考試，都可能讓人感到迷茫和困擾。作為一名有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的留學(xué)顧問，我在此為您提供全方位的專業(yè)咨詢和指導(dǎo)。歡迎隨時(shí)提問！
對(duì)于2023年6月30日的雅思考試，不知道同學(xué)們對(duì)于此次考試有哪些把握呢？接下來就和小鐘老師來看看2023年6月30日雅思閱讀真題整理。

權(quán)威點(diǎn)評(píng)
文章題材常規(guī)，涉及到環(huán)境，動(dòng)物，商業(yè)類。據(jù)烤鴨們反饋，passage 3生詞較多，導(dǎo)致原文和題干理解困難，影響做題。這要求考生在平時(shí)練習(xí)中多總結(jié)不同場(chǎng)景的高頻詞匯，并且提高在語境中理解生詞的能力。從題型看，難度適中，基礎(chǔ)題型：填空題(包括summary)和判斷題占30個(gè)左右，考查對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)信息的定位和理解;匹配題考查了6個(gè)段落信息匹配題，考查學(xué)生在短時(shí)間內(nèi)準(zhǔn)確找到匹配段落信息的能力，考生必須掌握高效做匹配題的方法，在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)拿到更多的分?jǐn)?shù)。
Passage 1
題目Why good ideas fail?
話題分類商業(yè)類
題型及對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)量判斷題 5
填空題 8
內(nèi)容回憶一位市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷專業(yè)的學(xué)生做了關(guān)于公司治理的案例，該公司早前獲得了成功，后來失敗了。兩位專家對(duì)該公司的營(yíng)銷進(jìn)行分析與評(píng)價(jià)，并且提出了一些市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷的策略
題目回憶判斷題
1 TRUE
2 TRUE
3 NOT GIVEN
4 NOT GIVEN
5 FALSE
填空題
6 surface
7 name
8 需要補(bǔ)充
9 weight loss
10 behavior
11 focus group
12 simple survey
13 instincts
參考閱讀 10-3-1 商業(yè)類
Passage 2
題目Hold back floods
話題分類環(huán)境類
題型及數(shù)量段落信息匹配 6
單選題 2
填空題 5
內(nèi)容回憶本文講述了主要講了洪水以前和現(xiàn)在的情況對(duì)比，以及治理洪水的新方法
Hold back flood
A Last winter’s floods on the rivers of central Europe were among the worst since the Middle Ages, and as winter storms return, the spectre of floods is returning too. Just weeks ago, the river Rh?ne in south-east France burst its banks, driving 15,000 people from their homes, and worse could be on the way. Traditionally, river engineers have gone for Plan A: get rid of the water fast, draining it off the land and down to the sea in tall-sided rivers re-engineered as high-performance drains. But however big they dug city drains, however wide and straight they made the rivers, and however high they build the banks, the floods kept coming back to taunt them, from the Mississippi to the Danube. And when the floods came, they seemed to be worse than ever. No wonder engineers are turning to Plan B: sap the water’s destructive strength by dispersing it into fields, forgotten lakes, flood plains and aquifers.
B Back in the days when rivers took a more tortuous path to the sea, flood waters lost impetus and volume while meandering across flood plains and idling through wetlands and inland deltas. But today the water tends to have an unimpeded journey to the sea. And this means that when it rains in the uplands, the water comes down all at once. Worse, whenever we close off more flood plains, the river’s flow farther downstream becomes more violent and uncontrollable. Dykes are only as good as their weakest link—and the water will unerringly find it. By trying to turn the complex hydrology of rivers into the simple mechanics of a water pipe, engineers have often created danger where they promised safety, and intensified the floods they meant to end. Take the Rhine, Europe’s most engineered river. For two centuries, German engineers have erased its backwaters and cut it off from its flood plain.
C Today, the river has lost 7 percent of its original length and runs up to a third faster. When it rains hard in the Alps, the peak flows from several tributaries coincide in the main river, where once they arrived separately. And with four-fifths of the lower Rhine’s flood plain barricaded off, the waters rise ever higher. The result is more frequent flooding that does ever-greater damage to the homes, offices and roads that sit on the flood plain. Much the same has happened in the US on the mighty Mississippi, which drains the world’s second largest river catchment into the Gulf of Mexico.
D The European Union is trying to improve rain forecasts and more accurately model how intense rains swell rivers. That may help cities prepare, but it won’t stop the floods. To do that, say hydrologists, you need a new approach to engineering not just rivers, but the whole landscape. The UK’s Environment Agency—which has been granted an extra ￡150 million a year to spend in the wake of floods in 2000 that cost the country ￡1billion—puts it like this: “The focus is now on working with the forces of nature. Towering concrete walls are out, and new wetlands are in.” to help keep London’s feet dry, the agency is breaking the Thames’s banks upstream and reflooding 10 square kilometres of ancient flood plain at Otmoor outside Oxford. Nearer to London it has spent ￡100 million creating new wetlands and a relief channel across 16 kilometres of flood plain to protect the town of Maidenhead, as well as the ancient playing fields of Eton college. And near the south coast, the agency is digging out channels to reconnect old meanders on the river Cuckmere in East Sussex that were cut off by flood banks 150 years ago.
E The same is taking place on a much grander scale in Austria, in one of Europe’s largest river restorations to date. Engineers are regenerating flood plains along 60 kilometres of the river Drava as it exits the Alps. They are also widening the river bed and channeling it back into abandoned meanders, oxbow lakes and backwaters overhung with willows. The engineers calculate that the restored flood plain can now store up to 10 million cubic metres of flood waters and slow storm surges coming out of the Alps by more than an hour, protecting towns as far downstream as Slovenia and Croatia.
F "Rivers have to be allowed to take more space. They have to be turned from flood-chutes into flood-foilers", says Nienhuis. And the Dutch. for whom preventing floods is a matter of survival. Have gone furthest. A nation built largely on drained marshes and seabed had the fright of its life in 1993 when the Rhine almost overwhelmed it. The same happened again in 1995. when a quarter of a million people were evacuated from the Netherlands. But a new breed of "soil engineers" wants our cities to become porous, and Berlin is their shining example. Since reunification, the city's massive redevelopment has been governed by tough new rules to prevent its drains becoming overloaded after heavy rains. Harald Kraft, an architect working in the city. says: "We now see rainwater as a resource to be kept rather than got rid of at great cost." A good illustration is the giant Potsdamer Platz, a huge new commercial redevelopment by Daimler Chrysler in the heart of the city.
G Los Angeles has spent billions of dollars digging huge drains and concreting river beds to carry away the water from occasional intense storms. The latest plan is to spend a cool 280millionraisingtheconcretewallsontheLosAngelesriverbyanother2metres.Yetmanycommunitiesstillfloodregularly.MeanwhilethisdesertcityisshippinginwaterfromhundredsofkilometresawayinnorthernCaliforniaandfromtheColoradoriverinArizonatofillitstapsandswimmingpools,andirrigateitsgreenspaces.Itallsoundslikebadplanning."InLAwereceivehalfthewaterweneedinrainfall,andwethrowitaway.Thenwespendhundredsofmillionstoimportwater,"saysAndyLipkis,anLAenvironmentalist,alongwithcitizengroupslikeFriendsoftheLosAngelesRiverandUnpavedLA.wanttobeattheurbanfloodhazardandfillthetapsbyholdingontothecity′sfloodwater.Andit′snotjustapipedream.Theauthoritiesthisyearlauncheda280millionraisingtheconcretewallsontheLosAngelesriverbyanother2metres.Yetmanycommunitiesstillfloodregularly.MeanwhilethisdesertcityisshippinginwaterfromhundredsofkilometresawayinnorthernCaliforniaandfromtheColoradoriverinArizonatofillitstapsandswimmingpools,andirrigateitsgreenspaces.Itallsoundslikebadplanning."InLAwereceivehalfthewaterweneedinrainfall,andwethrowitaway.Thenwespendhundredsofmillionstoimportwater,"saysAndyLipkis,anLAenvironmentalist,alongwithcitizengroupslikeFriendsoftheLosAngelesRiverandUnpavedLA.wanttobeattheurbanfloodhazardandfillthetapsbyholdingontothecity′sfloodwater.Andit′snotjustapipedream.Theauthoritiesthisyearlauncheda100 million scheme to road-test the porous city in one flood-hit community in Sun Valley. The plan is to catch the rain that falls on thousands of driveways, parking lots and rooftops in the valley. Trees will soak up water from parking lots. Homes and public buildings will capture roof water to irrigate gardens and parks. And road drains will empty into old gravel pits and other leaky places that should recharge the city's underground water reserves. Result: less flooding and more water for the city. Plan B says every city should be porous, every river should have room to flood naturally and every coastline should be left to build its own defenses. It sounds expensive and utopian, until you realize how much we spend trying to drain cities and protect our watery margins—and how bad we are at it.
題目回憶段落信息匹配題
1. A new approach conducted in the UK D
2. Reasons why twisty path and dykes failed B
3. One project on a river benefits three countries E
4. Illustration of an alternative plan in LA which seems unrealistic G
5. Efforts made in Netherlands and Germany F
6. Traditional ways of controlling flood A
選擇題
7. A It may stop the flood involving the whole area
8. D reserve water to protect downstream towns
填空題
9. Berlin set a good example for others.
10. The Rhine and the Mississippi river had the similar problem of water control.
11. An area near Oxford was flooded to protect the city of London.
12. Such planners who want our cities to become porous are called soil engineers.
13. In Los Angeles, *all scale water project could become a larger one.
參考閱讀532(環(huán)境類)
Passage 3
題目Australian Megafauna
話題分類生物類
題型及數(shù)量判斷題 4
summary 5
選擇題 5
內(nèi)容回憶對(duì)澳大利亞大型動(dòng)物megafauna的研究，分析人類在幾千年前人是否與大型動(dòng)物共存。有研究者質(zhì)疑證據(jù)不足
題目回憶判斷題
27 YES
28 NOT GIVEN
29 NO
30 YES
SUMMARY 題
31 B
32 H
33 D
34 C
35 G
選擇題
36 A
37 B
38 A
39 C
40 D

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以上就是大學(xué)路為大家?guī)淼难潘紕?2 test6閱讀1 劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析，希望能幫助到大家！