劍橋雅思8閱讀test2原文 來自劍橋雅思8真題聽力 Test2(4-2)句子翻譯

大學(xué)路小編給大家?guī)砹藙蜓潘?閱讀test2原文 來自劍橋雅思8真題聽力 Test2(4-2)句子翻譯相關(guān)文章，一起來看一下吧。

本文目錄一覽：

• 1、劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析
• 2、來自劍橋雅思8真題聽力 Test2(4-2)句子翻譯
• 3、雅思寫作范文：劍八的不變與變

劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析

做好雅思的閱讀題除了掌握對的 方法 ，也離不開我們?nèi)粘５男燎诰毩?xí)，下面我給大家?guī)韯蜓潘奸喿xAUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS及答案解析，一起加油吧！

劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS

A They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sport*en and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.

B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one — such as building muscle strength in golfers — to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. ‘We can’t waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don’t help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,’ says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.

C A lot of their work comes down to measurement — everything from the exact angle of a swimmer’s dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. It’s the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D *ysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he *yses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason’s contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (Swimming Analysis) system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer’s performance into factors that can be *ysed individually — stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmer.

D ‘Take a look,’ says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? ‘His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,’ says Mason. ‘If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better.’ This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists’ research is bringing to a range of sports. With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete’s clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete’s ability to run. There’s more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes’ saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.

E Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‘competition model’, based on what they expect will be the winning times.’ You design the model to make that time,’ says Mason.’ A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.’ All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the world’s most successful sporting nation.

F Of course, there’s nothing to stop other countries copying — and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists’ and rowers’ times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the ‘a(chǎn)ltitude tent’, developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australia’s success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.

劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS題目

Questions 1-7

Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports

2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations

3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity

4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced

5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated

6 an overview of the funded support of athletes

7 how performance requirements are calculated before an event

Questions 8-11

Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states they

A are currently exclusively used by Australians

B will be used in the future by Australians

C are currently used by both Australians and their rivals

Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.

8 cameras

9 sensors

10 protein tests

11 altitude tents

Questions 12 and 13

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS ANDIOR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.

12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?

13 By how much did some cyclists’ performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?

劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS答案

Question 1

答案：B

關(guān)鍵詞：exchange of expertise, between different sports/collaborate, across a number of sports

定位原文：B段第2、3句“...and collaborates with… a number of sports …”

解題思路: 題干中講到不同體育領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)知識交流正好跟原文中跨不同體育專家之間的合作相對應(yīng)，理解意思即可容易找到正確答案。

Question 2

答案：C

關(guān)鍵詞: visual imaging/3D, image

定位原文: C段第6句: “...shows off the prototype of a 3D *ysis …”

解題思路: 通過題干中的視頻成像可以很容易找到原文中對應(yīng)的3D和成像。

Question 3

答案：B

關(guān)鍵詞: a reason for narrowing/ can’t waste time

定位原文: B段最后1句: “We can’t waste our time looking…”

解題思路: 題目中的research activity和原文中的scientific questions 屬于同義表達(dá)，定位答題區(qū)域，發(fā)現(xiàn)此句話所要表達(dá)的意思是不在一些飄渺的、不切實際的科學(xué)問題上浪費(fèi)時間，也就是說要縮小研究的范圍。

Question 4

答案：F

關(guān)鍵詞：AIS ideas reproduce/ copying

定位原文: F段第1句話 “Of course, there’s nothing…”

解題思路: 題干中的reproduce是復(fù)制的意思，之后從 文章 中發(fā)現(xiàn) 句子 有復(fù)制copying，即可以直接定位。

Question 5

答案：D

關(guān)鍵詞：Obstacle, investigated/ impact, monitor

定位原文: D段第6句“... to monitor heart rate…”

解題思路: 題干提到理想成績的障礙是如何被調(diào)查研究的，而讀到對應(yīng)句子之后看到正好是sensors(傳感器)對于運(yùn)動員跑步的impact(影響)進(jìn)行研究的儀器，而且obstacles和impact對應(yīng)。

Question 6

答案：A

關(guān)鍵詞：Overview, funded support finance

定位原文: A段倒數(shù)第2句 “...finances programmes of excellence…”

解題思路: finances是解題關(guān)鍵，意思為資助，正好跟題干中funded support表達(dá)了相同的義項，直接對應(yīng)。而且之后一句話提及以上項目所提供的服務(wù)和建議，可以確信答案。

Question 7

答案：E

關(guān)鍵詞：Calculated before an event/ using data, well before a championship

定位原文: E段第1句、第2句 “Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, ...”

解題思路: 首先通過well before a championship和文章中before an event定位到E段， 之后發(fā)現(xiàn)后面提及的“競爭模型”作用就是計算時間和速率，因此內(nèi)容對應(yīng)上calculate，此時可斷定答案的位置。

Question 8

答案：A

關(guān)鍵詞: digital cameras

定位原文: C段倒數(shù)第3句: “..SWAN system now used in Australian national…”

解題思路: 前一句已經(jīng)提到該系統(tǒng)已廣泛應(yīng)用于澳大利亞各項全國賽事之中，而沒有提到其他國家，因此可以判斷應(yīng)該只有澳大利亞人在使用。

Question 9

答案：B

關(guān)鍵詞：sensor

定位原文: D段第7句：“...With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro…”

解題思路: 找到相同對應(yīng)詞sensor，讀其前后的句子，發(fā)現(xiàn)有 Melbourne，斷定是澳大利亞人的發(fā)明。之后要特別留心動詞develop運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表示正在開發(fā);而且注意之后的定語從句采用了將來時，所以可以斷定此發(fā)明還沒有完成，應(yīng)該屬于將來的成果。因此選擇B。

Question 10

答案: A

關(guān)鍵詞：protein

定位原文: D段倒數(shù)第4句: “… AIS and the University of Newcastle…”

解題思路: 非常容易在前面第一句話中找到跟題目protein tests所對應(yīng)的詞語a test ...protein。之后細(xì)讀前后句，發(fā)現(xiàn)后面一句話對于此項科技成果的受益者文章中只提到AIS運(yùn)動員，即澳大利亞體育學(xué)院的運(yùn)動員，隸屬于澳大利亞，所以應(yīng)該選擇A。

Question 11

答案：C

關(guān)鍵詞: altitude tent

定位原文: F段倒數(shù)第2句: “The same has happened to the ‘a(chǎn)ltitude tent ’…”

解題思路: 文章中很容易找到用引號括起來的題目中的名詞 短語 ，因此只要細(xì)心讀原句，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)開頭的‘The same has happened...’同樣的事情也發(fā)生在……根據(jù) 經(jīng)驗 應(yīng)該順著文章向上追溯，發(fā)現(xiàn)跟‘a(chǎn)ltitude tent’相同情況的是1996年奧運(yùn)會上澳大利亞人受益的流線型散熱運(yùn)動服現(xiàn)在全世界都在用。因此 ‘a(chǎn)ltitude tent’也被世界各國應(yīng)用。所以答案應(yīng)該選擇C。且根據(jù)此段話大意可以了解文章只提到兩種研究成果被別國運(yùn)用，即髙原帳蓬和流線型散熱服。所以可以間接判斷前三項成果是由澳大利人獨享的。

Question 12

答案： (a)competition model

關(guān)鍵詞： help an athlete plan, produced / prepare the athlete by, developing

定位原文: E段第1句“Using data…”

解題思路: Help an athlete plan their performance 對應(yīng)上prepare the athlete by之后，要認(rèn)真研究題目所問的是what is produced,斷定所作答案必定要填一個名詞。因此要細(xì)讀原文發(fā)現(xiàn)有單詞developing恰與produced相對應(yīng)，中文意思是“開發(fā)”，則答案必定是開發(fā)之后的名詞。

Question 13

答案： (by)2 percent/%

關(guān)鍵詞： 19% Olympic Games, cyclists, improve

定位原文: F段第3句“At the Atlanta…”

解題思路: 分析問句是 ‘By how much... improve’，意思為“提高了多少”，可以判斷出答案需要寫一個數(shù)字。因此仔細(xì)閱讀相關(guān)語句找到 sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists ‘a(chǎn)nd rowers’ time。很快就可以找到數(shù)字百分之二

。

來自劍橋雅思8真題聽力 Test2(4-2)句子翻譯

目前看來，在英國，盡管報紙持續(xù)報道人們對醫(yī)療福利不滿意，實際上人們主要是對在醫(yī)院實施的，屬于第三級的醫(yī)療表示擔(dān)憂。各個級別的的管理改革問題已經(jīng)被提交議案，盡管能否改革成功不能保證。實際上，長期的醫(yī)院護(hù)理問題可能并沒有媒體鼓吹的那么嚴(yán)重。然而我仍然拿到了一些數(shù)據(jù)，可以仔細(xì)看一看其中的問題。
當(dāng)然，我會做一些比我本來打算的更加深入的研究用來回答一個問題：人們是需要更多的社區(qū)醫(yī)護(hù)人員投入，還是相反的，更少的醫(yī)護(hù)人員投入，但是更大，更關(guān)鍵的醫(yī)療單元投入。

雅思寫作范文：劍八的不變與變

本文來自雅思作文網(wǎng)liuxue86.com《劍八的不變與變》。 1. 不變

從劍8題透大家?guī)缀蹩床坏饺魏蔚拇笮∽魑念}型和話題的變化。而且Task1和Task2考察的題型，體裁以及特點都幾乎全部覆蓋到了。

1.Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

2.Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology.

In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make?

Has this become a positive or negative development?

3.Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

What other measures do you think might be effective?

4.In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health and fitness are decreasing.

What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measures could be taken to solve them?

---------------------------------

我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)第1.2題都是傳統(tǒng)的辯論類寫作出題方式，第4題是Report類出題(比劍七的第78頁更典型的Report類題型)。這些題型高速我們雅思寫作大作文整體方向是沒有任何變化的，仍然堅持以辯論類觀點來考場學(xué)生的辯證分析能力。

小作文也是一樣，變化不是很明顯。

第一篇Page 30頁 餅狀圖和Table圖的復(fù)合

不禁讓人想起了劍六的第一篇--線條圖與Table圖的復(fù)合， 難度和題型基本沒有太大變化。

第二篇 Page 53頁 三餅復(fù)合出現(xiàn)

很顯然，從外表來看跟劍七102頁的四餅圖很相似。

第三篇 Page 78頁 兩個流程圖

沒有意外，跟劍六的第75頁的蠶吐絲的流程高度形似，因為是都兩幅圖。

第四篇 Page 101頁

幾乎一樣，與劍七的第53頁的線條圖幾乎長的一樣。

總結(jié)：從整體與外表上來看，劍八與劍七劍六基本沒變。

對于G類小作文，劍八依然沿襲了傳統(tǒng)的傳統(tǒng)和體現(xiàn)了考試真實的一面。

一如既往的，本次劍八中包含了兩套G類考題。從書信作文的種類來說，也非常的主流。一篇是每年考試至少占取30%的"投訴建議信"和"友情信"。一封要求語氣措辭正式，一篇則為非正式。這兩篇選題也體現(xiàn)了歷年雅思G類小作文的考試情況。

2.變

所謂外行看熱鬧，內(nèi)行看門道。對于一個雅思寫作教學(xué)數(shù)年經(jīng)驗的老師而言，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)其實劍八跟劍橋的以往教材還是有很多的變化。

2.1大作文的出題類型

雅思作文要想更進(jìn)一步,請?zhí)焯煸L問我們.感謝閱讀《劍八的不變與變》一文.本文來自雅思作文網(wǎng)liuxue86.com《劍八的不變與變》。
我們再次回頭看看劍八的第2套題的大作文

Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology.

In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make?

Has this become a positive or negative development?

這道題顛覆了傳統(tǒng)的Discuss both views and give your own opinion.和 To what extent do you agree or disagree?的出題方式。

這是一道典型的Report與Argumentation的復(fù)合題。難度比傳統(tǒng)的題型明顯要大，即使上過雅思培訓(xùn)班的學(xué)生也不一定會解題，一是沒有練過筆無從下手，而是老師不講解此類考題。

其實這種類型題目在2010年考過一次：

10.10.09

Some countries have introduced a law to limit working hours for employees. Why is this law introduced? Do you think it is a positive or a negative development?

這種題型在劍八里面出現(xiàn)說明雅思寫作單項的難度正在加大，傳統(tǒng)的兩邊倒四段式寫作法正在受到挑戰(zhàn)，考生必須有所心理準(zhǔn)備和技巧準(zhǔn)備。

劍八的第3套題也再次印證了上面的推斷!

我們回放一下原題吧：

4.In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health and fitness are decreasing.

What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measures could be taken to solve them? 劍八 Page 79

我們看到了Argumentation題型的提問方式，我們也看到了Report類題型的提問方式。這就是劍八傳遞的一個重要信息：復(fù)合題型!

其實雅思年復(fù)合題型都有非常非常少量的涉及，但是像這樣正式地編寫到劍橋雅思官方教材是前所未有地!值得關(guān)注與研究!

2.2流程圖的變化

劍六和劍八的流程圖外表相似，內(nèi)在卻有差別。劍六是一幅動詞性流程圖，一幅名詞性流程圖。而劍八而是兩幅名詞性流程圖。難度基本持平，但是卻有潛在變化。這兩個兩成圖不是平分Main Features，而是一大一小。而且第二幅圖植入了數(shù)據(jù)。換言之，第一幅圖要寫的內(nèi)容大概是6句話，第二幅3句話?？绝唫冊诳紙錾贤鶗T性地認(rèn)為各半(劍六就是一半一半)。而且名詞性流程圖的技巧與動詞性流程圖顯然是不一樣的。

還有一點值得注意的是這幅圖是2006年6月24日的考題。這種復(fù)古型的題型是暗示流程圖的最新走勢還是堅持傳統(tǒng)有待于考場真題的驗證，但是可以肯定的是，非數(shù)據(jù)性圖表(地圖，流程圖)肯定會在Task1中高調(diào)登場，2010年的6次地圖3次流程圖就是最好證明!

2.3字?jǐn)?shù)限制

劍8-Test2-Test2， 學(xué)生的習(xí)作是5.5分，考官的第一句就是： "The topic introduction has been copied from the task and is deducted from the word count. This leaves the answer underlength at 236 words, so the candidate loses markers for this. 同時也在此證明了開頭段照抄原題的字?jǐn)?shù)是不會計入總字?jǐn)?shù)的!希望烤鴨們不要心存僥幸，加大平時的練筆量，足字地完成作文。

2.4Sample Answer引用

寫作老師最最關(guān)心地就是劍橋系列書籍后面的考官范文和學(xué)生Sample作文。這是寫作老師研究分?jǐn)?shù)和評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的最好材料。

劍八中收錄的12篇范文中，6篇為考官范文;4.5分、5.5分、6分、6.5分、7分和8分范文各1篇;這樣的考分范圍分布非常合理，既為考生與老師提供了足夠的素材去研究，也對從2007年7月起引入的寫作半分制提供了三檔典型分?jǐn)?shù)檔的范文給考生參考。 而且從數(shù)據(jù)來看，比起劍七劍六兩本書合起來所給的分?jǐn)?shù)段更全面，更能讓烤鴨找到自己的水平定位!

2.5考官評語

TR: address the questions, clear opinion with ideas to support

CC: linkers, referencing phrases, paragraphing

LR: word form, word choice, spelling

GRA: sentence form, grammar, punctuation

以上的詞語收集全部來自考官對學(xué)生作文的核心評語收集。筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)整體的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被印證沒有改變，但是有些細(xì)節(jié)值得思考， 比如 address the question 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)審題是一如既往的重要。

word form, sentence form這些詞語暗示考生寫作語言的地道性!

3. 不變

對于劍橋的每一套書的誕生，寫作老師最大的快樂莫過于來自研究考官所給的滿分作文!畢竟9分的雅思作文傳遞的就是考官在改卷評分過程中Care的!

非常非常開心地發(fā)現(xiàn)，筆者在平時的教學(xué)中Care的Points考官的范文一次一次印證其準(zhǔn)確性和實用性。

最后筆者總結(jié)了一些亙古不變的解題技巧!

從Task1講起吧：劍八 162 頁

這篇9分的小作文最大的技巧莫過于其語法句型。

Globally, 65% of degradation is caused by too much animal grazing and tree clearance, constituting 35% and 30% respectively.

這一句同劍七的第四篇小作文 Page 168考官范文如出一轍：

Between these years electricity production almost doubled, rising from 100 units to 170 in Australia, and from 90 to 180 units in France.

還有 But by 2000 unclear power, which was not used at all in Australia, had developed into the main source, producing almost 75% of electricity...

這三句出自滿分作文的句子都是 SVO，Ving....現(xiàn)在分詞作伴狀結(jié)構(gòu)。

These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s, with Europe having as much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation, while the impact of this on Oceania and North America was minimal, with only 1.7% and 0.2% of land affected respectively.

這里用的是With +N+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞作狀語結(jié)構(gòu)

同劍七第168頁的：

The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power, with hydro contributing only 5 units. 幾乎一摸一樣的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。

這些都只是冰山一角，考官的滿分范文傳達(dá)的信息還有很多，我會在下一篇論文中具體一一論述，此處就不在喧賓奪主了!

最后總結(jié)一下，雅思劍八的誕生是一個考試的改革與前進(jìn)的標(biāo)志，也是考生汲取養(yǎng)分的素材，當(dāng)然也是老師在課堂上豐富教學(xué)的給力補(bǔ)充。劍八不是危言聳聽的天外來物，而是一本更成熟更有魅力的雅思考試備考教材!希望大家通過備考提升英語水平，實現(xiàn)出國讀書或者移民的理想!

雅思作文要想更進(jìn)一步,請?zhí)焯煸L問我們.感謝閱讀《劍八的不變與變》一文.

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