雅思機(jī)經(jīng)：2023.4.21 雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)考題 2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析：Thomas Young

今天大學(xué)路小編整理了雅思機(jī)經(jīng)：2023.4.21 雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)考題 2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析：Thomas Young相關(guān)內(nèi)容，希望能幫助到大家，一起來(lái)看下吧。

本文目錄一覽：

• 1、劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析
• 2、雅思機(jī)經(jīng)：2023.4.21 雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)考題
• 3、2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析：Thomas Young

劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析

做好雅思的閱讀題除了掌握對(duì)的 方法 ，也離不開我們?nèi)粘５男燎诰毩?xí)，下面我給大家?guī)?lái)劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS及答案解析，一起加油吧！

劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS

A They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sport*en and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.

B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one — such as building muscle strength in golfers — to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. ‘We can’t waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don’t help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,’ says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.

C A lot of their work comes down to measurement — everything from the exact angle of a swimmer’s dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. It’s the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D *ysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he *yses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason’s contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (Swimming Analysis) system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer’s performance into factors that can be *ysed individually — stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmer.

D ‘Take a look,’ says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? ‘His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,’ says Mason. ‘If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better.’ This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists’ research is bringing to a range of sports. With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete’s clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete’s ability to run. There’s more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes’ saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.

E Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‘competition model’, based on what they expect will be the winning times.’ You design the model to make that time,’ says Mason.’ A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.’ All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the world’s most successful sporting nation.

F Of course, there’s nothing to stop other countries copying — and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists’ and rowers’ times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the ‘a(chǎn)ltitude tent’, developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australia’s success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.

劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS題目

Questions 1-7

Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports

2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations

3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity

4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced

5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated

6 an overview of the funded support of athletes

7 how performance requirements are calculated before an event

Questions 8-11

Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states they

A are currently exclusively used by Australians

B will be used in the future by Australians

C are currently used by both Australians and their rivals

Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.

8 cameras

9 sensors

10 protein tests

11 altitude tents

Questions 12 and 13

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS ANDIOR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.

12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?

13 By how much did some cyclists’ performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?

劍橋雅思閱讀AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS答案

Question 1

答案：B

關(guān)鍵詞：exchange of expertise, between different sports/collaborate, across a number of sports

定位原文：B段第2、3句“...and collaborates with… a number of sports …”

解題思路: 題干中講到不同體育領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)知識(shí)交流正好跟原文中跨不同體育專家之間的合作相對(duì)應(yīng)，理解意思即可容易找到正確答案。

Question 2

答案：C

關(guān)鍵詞: visual imaging/3D, image

定位原文: C段第6句: “...shows off the prototype of a 3D *ysis …”

解題思路: 通過(guò)題干中的視頻成像可以很容易找到原文中對(duì)應(yīng)的3D和成像。

Question 3

答案：B

關(guān)鍵詞: a reason for narrowing/ can’t waste time

定位原文: B段最后1句: “We can’t waste our time looking…”

解題思路: 題目中的research activity和原文中的scientific questions 屬于同義表達(dá)，定位答題區(qū)域，發(fā)現(xiàn)此句話所要表達(dá)的意思是不在一些飄渺的、不切實(shí)際的科學(xué)問(wèn)題上浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，也就是說(shuō)要縮小研究的范圍。

Question 4

答案：F

關(guān)鍵詞：AIS ideas reproduce/ copying

定位原文: F段第1句話 “Of course, there’s nothing…”

解題思路: 題干中的reproduce是復(fù)制的意思，之后從 文章 中發(fā)現(xiàn) 句子 有復(fù)制copying，即可以直接定位。

Question 5

答案：D

關(guān)鍵詞：Obstacle, investigated/ impact, monitor

定位原文: D段第6句“... to monitor heart rate…”

解題思路: 題干提到理想成績(jī)的障礙是如何被調(diào)查研究的，而讀到對(duì)應(yīng)句子之后看到正好是sensors(傳感器)對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員跑步的impact(影響)進(jìn)行研究的儀器，而且obstacles和impact對(duì)應(yīng)。

Question 6

答案：A

關(guān)鍵詞：Overview, funded support finance

定位原文: A段倒數(shù)第2句 “...finances programmes of excellence…”

解題思路: finances是解題關(guān)鍵，意思為資助，正好跟題干中funded support表達(dá)了相同的義項(xiàng)，直接對(duì)應(yīng)。而且之后一句話提及以上項(xiàng)目所提供的服務(wù)和建議，可以確信答案。

Question 7

答案：E

關(guān)鍵詞：Calculated before an event/ using data, well before a championship

定位原文: E段第1句、第2句 “Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, ...”

解題思路: 首先通過(guò)well before a championship和文章中before an event定位到E段， 之后發(fā)現(xiàn)后面提及的“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)模型”作用就是計(jì)算時(shí)間和速率，因此內(nèi)容對(duì)應(yīng)上calculate，此時(shí)可斷定答案的位置。

Question 8

答案：A

關(guān)鍵詞: digital cameras

定位原文: C段倒數(shù)第3句: “..SWAN system now used in Australian national…”

解題思路: 前一句已經(jīng)提到該系統(tǒng)已廣泛應(yīng)用于澳大利亞各項(xiàng)全國(guó)賽事之中，而沒有提到其他國(guó)家，因此可以判斷應(yīng)該只有澳大利亞人在使用。

Question 9

答案：B

關(guān)鍵詞：sensor

定位原文: D段第7句：“...With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro…”

解題思路: 找到相同對(duì)應(yīng)詞sensor，讀其前后的句子，發(fā)現(xiàn)有 Melbourne，斷定是澳大利亞人的發(fā)明。之后要特別留心動(dòng)詞develop運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示正在開發(fā);而且注意之后的定語(yǔ)從句采用了將來(lái)時(shí)，所以可以斷定此發(fā)明還沒有完成，應(yīng)該屬于將來(lái)的成果。因此選擇B。

Question 10

答案: A

關(guān)鍵詞：protein

定位原文: D段倒數(shù)第4句: “… AIS and the University of Newcastle…”

解題思路: 非常容易在前面第一句話中找到跟題目protein tests所對(duì)應(yīng)的詞語(yǔ)a test ...protein。之后細(xì)讀前后句，發(fā)現(xiàn)后面一句話對(duì)于此項(xiàng)科技成果的受益者文章中只提到AIS運(yùn)動(dòng)員，即澳大利亞體育學(xué)院的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，隸屬于澳大利亞，所以應(yīng)該選擇A。

Question 11

答案：C

關(guān)鍵詞: altitude tent

定位原文: F段倒數(shù)第2句: “The same has happened to the ‘a(chǎn)ltitude tent ’…”

解題思路: 文章中很容易找到用引號(hào)括起來(lái)的題目中的名詞 短語(yǔ) ，因此只要細(xì)心讀原句，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)開頭的‘The same has happened...’同樣的事情也發(fā)生在……根據(jù) 經(jīng)驗(yàn) 應(yīng)該順著文章向上追溯，發(fā)現(xiàn)跟‘a(chǎn)ltitude tent’相同情況的是1996年奧運(yùn)會(huì)上澳大利亞人受益的流線型散熱運(yùn)動(dòng)服現(xiàn)在全世界都在用。因此 ‘a(chǎn)ltitude tent’也被世界各國(guó)應(yīng)用。所以答案應(yīng)該選擇C。且根據(jù)此段話大意可以了解文章只提到兩種研究成果被別國(guó)運(yùn)用，即髙原帳蓬和流線型散熱服。所以可以間接判斷前三項(xiàng)成果是由澳大利人獨(dú)享的。

Question 12

答案： (a)competition model

關(guān)鍵詞： help an athlete plan, produced / prepare the athlete by, developing

定位原文: E段第1句“Using data…”

解題思路: Help an athlete plan their performance 對(duì)應(yīng)上prepare the athlete by之后，要認(rèn)真研究題目所問(wèn)的是what is produced,斷定所作答案必定要填一個(gè)名詞。因此要細(xì)讀原文發(fā)現(xiàn)有單詞developing恰與produced相對(duì)應(yīng)，中文意思是“開發(fā)”，則答案必定是開發(fā)之后的名詞。

Question 13

答案： (by)2 percent/%

關(guān)鍵詞： 19% Olympic Games, cyclists, improve

定位原文: F段第3句“At the Atlanta…”

解題思路: 分析問(wèn)句是 ‘By how much... improve’，意思為“提高了多少”，可以判斷出答案需要寫一個(gè)數(shù)字。因此仔細(xì)閱讀相關(guān)語(yǔ)句找到 sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists ‘a(chǎn)nd rowers’ time。很快就可以找到數(shù)字百分之二

。

雅思機(jī)經(jīng)：2023.4.21 雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)考題

您好，我是專注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢的小鐘老師。在追尋留學(xué)夢(mèng)想的路上，選擇合適的學(xué)校和專業(yè)，準(zhǔn)備相關(guān)考試，都可能讓人感到迷茫和困擾。作為一名有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的留學(xué)顧問(wèn)，我在此為您提供全方位的專業(yè)咨詢和指導(dǎo)。歡迎隨時(shí)提問(wèn)！
下面是2023年4月21日雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)的內(nèi)容，包括了這次考試涉及到的有印度鄉(xiāng)村的交通，肌肉萎縮和英國(guó)的森林等非常流行的閱讀話題。為了更好的備考雅思閱讀考試，我們一起來(lái)看看這三篇雅思閱讀考題的內(nèi)容吧。 Reading Passage 1 Title: Practical Action （印度鄉(xiāng)村的交通） Question types: YES/NO/NOT GIVEN Sentence completion 填圖題 文章內(nèi)容回顧 這篇講的是印度鄉(xiāng)村的交通狀況，農(nóng)村地區(qū)的交通不便給當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)的不利，講到*應(yīng)該更加重視落后地區(qū)的交通問(wèn)題。第一個(gè)題型判斷題是根據(jù)前三段做的，中間部分介紹了一個(gè)慈善組織做的事情，后面講了這個(gè)組織農(nóng)的一個(gè)送生病者去醫(yī)院的山寨救護(hù)車，還可以有家屬陪同，還有cover防雨什么的，后面的填圖題根據(jù)最后兩段填的。 題型難度分析 第一種題型，有4個(gè)Yes, No, Not given的判斷，這是這次考試僅有的四個(gè)判斷，難度不大，屬于細(xì)節(jié)題型集中在前三段。
第二種和第三種都是填空類題型，相對(duì)而言內(nèi)容較為簡(jiǎn)單，文章定位也容易，因此總的來(lái)說(shuō)，第一篇相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單。
題型技巧分析 填空題型根據(jù)出題形式的不同，填空類題型可以分為Sentence completion（句子填空題），Summary（段落摘要），Summary with a box （帶選項(xiàng)的段落摘要），Table completion（表格題），F(xiàn)low chart（流程圖），Diagram labelling（圖片題）等六大題型。傳統(tǒng)的分題型講解的方法傾向于把這些題型拆開，但是殊不知這些題型的出題思路大同小異，一旦掌握了這些題目的共性，做題就會(huì)變得易如反掌。
首先，我們來(lái)看一下這些雅思填空類題目的出題共同特點(diǎn)：
1. 考查內(nèi)容均為細(xì)節(jié) 每一道填空題的題目基本上都是對(duì)原文的一句話或者幾句話進(jìn)行的同義改寫，不會(huì)出現(xiàn)對(duì)多句話或者是整段進(jìn)行的概括歸納。
2. 所填答案基本唯一 雖然這種考試需要考生自己書寫答案，但是所有答案均來(lái)自于原文，不需要進(jìn)行考生用自己的語(yǔ)言對(duì)原詞進(jìn)行改寫。極個(gè)別情況下會(huì)出現(xiàn)詞序顛倒，但是基本上不需要考生進(jìn)行詞性、時(shí)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)等屈折形式的轉(zhuǎn)換。這是由雅思閱讀的目的所決定的，雅思閱讀只考查考生的閱讀能力，而無(wú)意檢驗(yàn)考生的寫作能力。
3. 所有題目均有字?jǐn)?shù)限制 所有這類題目的指令里面都包括字?jǐn)?shù)限制的要求，一般都是不超過(guò)3個(gè)字，這同樣是由閱讀考試客觀性、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)性的性質(zhì)所決定的。如果對(duì)答案不設(shè)字?jǐn)?shù)限制，那么往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)多個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案的現(xiàn)象，這也是不符合考試的原則的。因?yàn)殚喚淼臅r(shí)候標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案越少，試卷的批閱的過(guò)程就越客觀、越公正。
4. 題目都是原文的同義改寫 雅思閱讀考試的本質(zhì)是考查英語(yǔ)使用者的書面英語(yǔ)能力，在很大程度上就是看考生在一定的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)上的閱讀技能。尋找原文的過(guò)程是對(duì)考生閱讀技能的檢驗(yàn)，而題目本身則是考查考生的語(yǔ)言功底，即詞匯和語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)。所以每道填空題目都會(huì)用另外一種方式對(duì)原文中的句子進(jìn)行同義改寫，這種同義轉(zhuǎn)換包括詞匯的轉(zhuǎn)換和句型的轉(zhuǎn)換兩種方式。
5. 基本都講順序原則 除了帶選項(xiàng)的段落摘要題比較不穩(wěn)定之外，其它所有的填空題都比較嚴(yán)格地遵循順序原則，即題號(hào)的順序與原文的順序一致。掌握這條原則，考生將有效地縮短尋找答案的時(shí)間。
劍橋雅思推薦原文練習(xí) 劍橋7 test 2 passage3 Reading Passage 2 Title: Muscle Loss Question types: Which paragraph contains the following information? Pick from a list Summary completion 文章內(nèi)容回顧 第二篇是講肌肉萎縮之類的，科學(xué)家發(fā)明一種藥能從人體內(nèi)部作用于細(xì)胞，抵抗這種退化，而不是以往的觀念，要運(yùn)動(dòng)鍛煉肌肉。但可能有一些副作用，而且效用不持久。這種藥物治療還是將有利于老年人等肌肉萎縮無(wú)力的人群，但也將不可避免的被運(yùn)動(dòng)員等用以……我忘了原文怎么說(shuō)的了，大概就是inappropriate use. 前面是段落細(xì)節(jié)信息配對(duì)，然后5選2 題目是關(guān)于研究過(guò)程中和成果中，下列哪些說(shuō)得對(duì)，答案大概都出自C段應(yīng)該是集中在一兩段的樣子，然后文章中講了一個(gè)superboy, 他3、5歲就能每手拿起3公斤（應(yīng)該是答案）的東西，科學(xué)家就研究他，發(fā)現(xiàn)他媽媽是professional runners（好像是答案），而且他媽媽的親戚中也有人……類似這種先天基因，忘記了。然后就出了一堆填空題就講這件事。 英文原文閱讀 One injection may be all that is needed to reverse muscle wasting in cancer, if an experimental technique used in mice can one day be made to work in people. Like humans, mice with cancer experience severe muscle wasting. Mice with colon cancer studied by HQ Han and colleagues at Amgen Research in California stopped eating, and lost 20 per cent of their body weight in three weeks. Many tumours produce a molecule called activin, which plays a role in muscle breakdown. So Han and his team injected a protein that mops up excess activin, five or 14 days after mice were implanted with a colon tumour. In both cases, the mice started eating and their body weight returned to normal within two weeks. Mice with gonad tumours responded in a similar way. The treatment also led to the mice surviving longer. By the time all the untreated mice had died, around 90 per cent of the treated mice were still alive. "The findings highlight the importance of preserving muscle mass for survival," says Kate Murphy at the University of Melbourne. BIGGER, stronger muscles can be produced by gene therapy, an experiment on mice suggests. Loss of muscle mass can cripple and kill patients with conditions such as muscular dystrophy. And even ordinary ageing saps up to one third of our strength. "Slowing down that process could mean the difference between someone being mobile and being helpless," says Lee Sweeney, a physiologist at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. One possible explanation for muscle decline is an inability to repair normal damage. When muscle cells are damaged they send molecular signals to nearby "satellite" cells, which then produce new cells that fuse with the muscle and repair the damage. Sweeney suspected that muscle cells might stay sturdy if they pumped out more of these signals. To test this, he and his colleagues added the gene for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which stimulates satellite-cell activity in a test tube, to a ... 題型難度分析 第一種題型是段落細(xì)節(jié)信息配對(duì)，這個(gè)題型是雅思閱讀中難度較高的題。這個(gè)文章有6個(gè)題目，8個(gè)段落，這六個(gè)題內(nèi)容涉及到人們抵抗什么藥，misuse藥物對(duì)老年人有益，已經(jīng)存在的一個(gè)方法的不好的地方，被證明不能長(zhǎng)期有效，未來(lái)一個(gè)計(jì)劃將帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題。 第二種題型是多選題，5選2，答案集中，集中在第三段。
第三種題型是摘要題，無(wú)選項(xiàng)。有個(gè)被稱為superboy（題目里給的）的小孩，一開始的時(shí)候?qū)＜矣^察他不fat（不確定）然后他5歲時(shí)雙手可以個(gè)舉起5kgs（具體記不清了大概這個(gè)數(shù)）的東西，然后他媽媽是個(gè)（running 什么的，就是和運(yùn)動(dòng)有關(guān)的），還有個(gè)空忘記了。最后說(shuō)他體內(nèi)缺少什么，在那一段最后提到了，一個(gè)專有名詞。
題型技巧分析 細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì)是雅思考試中比較難的題型，我們來(lái)分析一下這類題目的做題技巧： 首先，讓我們來(lái)了解一下這種題目的出題特點(diǎn)。
1. 徹底同義轉(zhuǎn)換 和其它題型不同的是，這種題型是對(duì)原文一句話或者一段話進(jìn)行的徹底同義轉(zhuǎn)換，個(gè)別甚至是高度概括，因此幾乎不存在任何定位詞，因此不能根據(jù)定位詞到原文中定位答案。考生必須具備非常強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言理解能力，才能快速識(shí)別出文章信息和段落信息的相似之處，從而找到答案。
2. 完全亂序 由于這種題型是要求把細(xì)節(jié)信息與所在的段落進(jìn)行配對(duì)，因此是絕對(duì)打亂順序出題的。
3. 部分題目存在重復(fù)選項(xiàng) 在雅思閱讀中，段落細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì)題以兩種形式出現(xiàn)，一種是每個(gè)選項(xiàng)只能用一次，另外一種題型，在Instruction的最后一句往往有這樣的提示： NB You may use any letter more than once. 如果出現(xiàn)這樣的提示，則說(shuō)明某些段落可以重復(fù)選用。劍橋真題集中的真題以及筆者、考生的實(shí)際考試經(jīng)歷證明，這種指令往往意味著有且僅有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以使用兩次。
4. 從題量上來(lái)看，存在著以下兩種可能：
1) 題量=段落數(shù)+1（肯定帶NB）
2) 題量小于段落數(shù)兩個(gè)以上 由于每個(gè)選項(xiàng)只能重復(fù)使用一次，因此第一種題型就意味著每個(gè)段落都會(huì)有至少一個(gè)答案，而第二種題型則不能保證每段都有。
5. 永遠(yuǎn)是第一個(gè)題型 不管在A類考試還是G類的考試中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種題目永遠(yuǎn)是出現(xiàn)在第一個(gè)題型，而且這種題型與段落標(biāo)題配對(duì)題型List of headings屬于“相克題型”，即這兩者不可能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。
6. 有部分題目與其后的題目有關(guān)聯(lián) 由于這種題型一般都是跨全文出的，因此跟后面的題目不可避免地出現(xiàn)交叉，因此有可能根據(jù)后面的題目來(lái)推斷出細(xì)節(jié)所在的位置。
題量=段落數(shù)+1, 且?guī)B的題型： 前面講過(guò)，由于段落細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì)題的出題特點(diǎn)，這種題型往往暗示了每段都會(huì)有至少一個(gè)答案，那么這種題目適合用“通篇瀏覽”的方法來(lái)做。
具體步驟如下：
1. 閱讀所有題目，劃出關(guān)鍵詞 關(guān)鍵詞就是能最大限度上概括整個(gè)句子的單詞或短語(yǔ)，第一步劃出關(guān)鍵詞，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)將所有的題目進(jìn)行高度的濃縮，符合人類短期記憶的規(guī)律。
2. 通讀所有段落，依次尋找答案 因?yàn)槊慷味紩?huì)有答案，因此現(xiàn)在所需要做的事情就是到每段去找答案。要注意在選出信息后，要在選出的段落上做上記號(hào)，以免浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
劍橋雅思推薦原文練習(xí) 劍橋6 test1 passage1 Reading Passage 3 Title: British Woodlands （ 英國(guó)的森林 ） Question types: Which paragraph contains the following information? Summary completion with box 文章內(nèi)容回顧 講的是英國(guó)woodlands的演變利用和最后的管理，大致文章脈絡(luò)是在人類的入侵之前英國(guó)的植被覆蓋情況----人類初期的入侵方式c什么的和burning, 砍伐和火燒吧----工業(yè)革命之后，建筑的土木結(jié)構(gòu)被磚石結(jié)構(gòu)替代以及煤炭替代木材作為燃燒原料之后，人們對(duì)森林的掠奪從以燃燒原料和建筑材料為目的到了以工業(yè)發(fā)展為目的，machinery還有chemicals的引入使森林的狀況日趨惡化----- 人們意識(shí)到保護(hù)森林的重要，開始投入人力物力進(jìn)行保護(hù)----對(duì)此做法的評(píng)判，有積極影響，但局限是這些人以經(jīng)濟(jì)利益為目的，一旦profits disappear, they will stop. 題型難度分析 第一種題型是段落細(xì)節(jié)信息配對(duì)，有7個(gè)問(wèn)題，和文中8個(gè)段落配對(duì)，有一個(gè)重復(fù)的，包括生物學(xué)的證明woodland的appearance, 在人類的影響下特定物種的突出，對(duì)incentive system的質(zhì)疑（就是不支持financial的政策）等。
最后是一個(gè)摘要總結(jié)題有選項(xiàng)的。先說(shuō)在人們的影響下有些species占了主導(dǎo)，然后人們控制數(shù)量，用burning, 然后是machinery的引入對(duì)樹的影響，然后人們的行為影響了野生動(dòng)物的habitat, 最后是*的支持grants到處可見，還有個(gè)題說(shuō)rigid什么patterns to gain more profit。
題型技巧分析 Summary題型在閱讀中是填空題型中的一種，是主流題型。 按照范圍，這類題可分成全文題和段落題，按照填空內(nèi)容, summary也可分原文原詞或從多個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選詞。原文原詞的題目要求中會(huì)有from the Reading Passage的字樣。從多個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選詞，選項(xiàng)的數(shù)目常常超過(guò)題目空格的數(shù)目。一般有選項(xiàng)類的summary, 各項(xiàng)之間極有可能亂序，而不像原文原詞類的summary, 從劍5至劍7，均為按順序出題。
下面我們來(lái)看看解題步驟：
（1）仔細(xì)讀summary的第一句話，找出它在原文中的出處，通常是和原文某段話的第一句相對(duì)應(yīng)。如果題目要求中已經(jīng)指出了summary的出處，則此步可以略去不做。
（2）注意空格前后的詞，到原文中去找這些詞的對(duì)應(yīng)詞。
對(duì)應(yīng)詞的特點(diǎn)如下：
A. 原詞，這種可能性不大，如果有，也往往出現(xiàn)在一套題三篇閱讀的第一篇中。
B. 詞性變化，也即為同根詞轉(zhuǎn)化，這點(diǎn)在新東方的詞匯課上，老師都有專門講述。
C. 語(yǔ)態(tài)變化；主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)，在2023年的各次考試中，這種變化比較普遍。
D. 同義詞；如空格前的詞為develop，原文中的詞為produce，兩個(gè)詞在雅思考試中，都常考研發(fā)的意思。
（3）利用排除法，把summary每一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)詞在原文中的映射劃去，基本上，原文那一句就不剩幾個(gè)詞了，根據(jù)詞性把剩下的詞挑出來(lái)就好。
（4）注意語(yǔ)法和邏輯，所填答案必須符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)定，填上的詞，也要配合原文讀讀，看看邏輯上是不是說(shuō)得通。
TIPS：
1. 注意題目要求中是否有字?jǐn)?shù)限制。 若要求從原文選詞或自己寫詞，會(huì)有字?jǐn)?shù)要求，如Use ONE OR TWO WORDS等，答案必須滿足這個(gè)要求。
2. 若從原文選詞，只能選原文中連續(xù)的幾個(gè)詞，不能改變它們的順序。 如原文為virgin fiber,答案不可能是fiber virgin。原文為 advances in the technology，答案不可能是technology advances。
3. 若要求從原文選詞，越是生詞，越可能是答案。 下列比較生僻的詞如sustainable（可持續(xù)的）、biodegradable（可生物降解的）、contaminants（廢物，雜物）、nostrils（鼻孔）都是一些題目的答案。
4. 從選項(xiàng)中選詞，要注意看題目要求是寫答案本身，還是寫選項(xiàng)前的代表字母。 選項(xiàng)前有代表字母的，肯定是要求答代表字母。最近的考試中，選項(xiàng)前大部分都有代表字母。
5. 從選項(xiàng)中選詞，答案與原文的六大對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。
（1）原文原詞：與原文完全相同的詞或短語(yǔ)。
（2）詞性變化：原文為necessary，是形容詞，選項(xiàng)為necessity，是名詞。
（3）語(yǔ)態(tài)變化：原文為Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes，是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。summary中的句子為people have also been encouraged by government to collect their waste on a regular basis，是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
（4）圖表：如果原文中有圖表，一般會(huì)有一題答案來(lái)自圖表。
（5）同義詞：原文為tight，選項(xiàng)為restricted，是同義詞。
（6）歸納：有時(shí)文中沒有直接提及，須從幾句話中歸納出答案。一般比較難，目前考試中，至少有一個(gè)空格是歸納出來(lái)的。
6. 從選項(xiàng)中選詞，如果時(shí)間不夠，可以直接從選項(xiàng)中選擇，不看原文。 這時(shí)，要特別注意語(yǔ)法。這樣做的準(zhǔn)確性50%左右（視題目的難易及考生的水平而定）。所以，除非時(shí)間不夠，否則不建議大家這樣做。
7. 如果要求自己寫詞，答案絕大部分是原文原詞，少部分是對(duì)原文原詞做的形式上的修改。 要求自己寫詞的機(jī)率很小，遇到過(guò)一次。在這一次的5個(gè)題目中有4個(gè)答案是原文原詞，剩下一個(gè)，原文原詞是de-inked, 答案根據(jù)語(yǔ)法的需要改為de-ink。
劍橋雅思推薦原文練習(xí) 劍橋6 test2 passage2 考試趨勢(shì)分析和備考指導(dǎo)： 本次雅思閱讀考試和今年以往的考試一樣出現(xiàn)了很多“人見人煩”的配對(duì)題，尤其是段落細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì)題，在這次考試中有兩次。接下來(lái)的雅思閱讀考試題型很有可能將會(huì)出現(xiàn)“判斷題數(shù)量持續(xù)下降，配對(duì)題比重穩(wěn)中有升，題型分布不均勻”這三大特點(diǎn)。判斷題由于其出題周期長(zhǎng)，出題成本相對(duì)較大，同時(shí)，有些情況下判斷題并不能非常精確地衡量考生的英語(yǔ)水平（無(wú)數(shù)考生反映完全讀懂文章但是由于思路問(wèn)題，判斷題經(jīng)常做錯(cuò)，而很多考生通過(guò)投機(jī)取巧的方法卻能把題目“蒙”對(duì)），所以雅思官方正在逐漸淡化這種題型。本次考試只有4個(gè)判斷題，正說(shuō)明了這一點(diǎn)：這種題型作為雅思的特色題型，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)是不可能完全消失的，但數(shù)量上會(huì)下降。所以考生仍然不可忽視這種題型的復(fù)習(xí)。 未來(lái)幾個(gè)月配對(duì)題數(shù)量將大大增加。之所以考生覺得配對(duì)題難，是因?yàn)檫@種題型幾乎無(wú)法進(jìn)行猜測(cè)，基本上要靠語(yǔ)言實(shí)力，也就是說(shuō)只有讀懂了才能把題目做對(duì)。其次，從猜對(duì)的概率上來(lái)看，判斷題的概率是1/3, 單選題的概率為1/4, 但配對(duì)題根據(jù)題量或段落數(shù)的不同，可能性只有1/10到1/6左右，而且配對(duì)題中一旦一題做錯(cuò)，往往會(huì)影響后面的題目。這就決定了這種題目的難度，而正是因?yàn)榇?，這種題型受到了考官的青睞。 應(yīng)對(duì)策略：考生要特別注意每一種題型的復(fù)習(xí)，切不可因僥幸心理忽視了某種題型技巧的復(fù)習(xí)，因?yàn)楹苡锌赡芎雎缘念}型成為考試中的主導(dǎo)題型。 由于配對(duì)題對(duì)考生的詞匯和句型理解要求相當(dāng)高，所以每位考生在上考場(chǎng)之前一定要把自己的英語(yǔ)基本功打牢，達(dá)到雅思所要求的詞匯量和語(yǔ)法要求。畢竟雅思考試是考查真實(shí)的語(yǔ)言能力?；A(chǔ)薄弱的同學(xué)一定要開始認(rèn)真打基礎(chǔ)，穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打，反復(fù)操練，逐漸積累，切不可迷信所謂“技巧”，因?yàn)槿魏螒?yīng)試技巧都是建立在英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)之上的，沒有扎實(shí)的英語(yǔ)功底，任何技巧都是空談?；A(chǔ)較好而考分要求較高的同學(xué)也不可驕傲自大，應(yīng)耐心地將自己做錯(cuò)的題目仔細(xì)和原文進(jìn)行比對(duì)、分析，時(shí)間允許的話應(yīng)當(dāng)將文章進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的閱讀。

希望以上的答復(fù)能對(duì)您的留學(xué)申請(qǐng)有所幫助。如果您有任何更詳細(xì)的問(wèn)題或需要進(jìn)一步的協(xié)助，我強(qiáng)烈推薦您訪問(wèn)我們的留學(xué)官方網(wǎng)站 ，在那里您可以找到更多專業(yè)的留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)資料以及*的咨詢服務(wù)。祝您留學(xué)申請(qǐng)順利！

2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析：Thomas Young

您好，我是專注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢的小鐘老師。在追尋留學(xué)夢(mèng)想的路上，選擇合適的學(xué)校和專業(yè)，準(zhǔn)備相關(guān)考試，都可能讓人感到迷茫和困擾。作為一名有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的留學(xué)顧問(wèn)，我在此為您提供全方位的專業(yè)咨詢和指導(dǎo)。歡迎隨時(shí)提問(wèn)！
對(duì)于雅思考生來(lái)說(shuō)，劍橋雅思閱讀題難不難？下面就和小鐘老師一起來(lái)看看2023年劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析：Thomas Young。

Thomas Young
The Last True Know-It-All
A Thomas Young （1773-1829） contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica， including 46 biographical entries （mostly on scientists and classicists） and substantial essays on ＂Bridge，” ＂Chromatics，＂ ＂Egypt，＂ ＂Languages＂ and ＂Tides＂. Was someone who could write authoritatively about so many subjects a polymath， a genius or a dilettante？ In an ambitious new biography， Andrew Robinson argues that Young is a good contender for the epitaph ＂the last man who knew everything.＂ Young has competition， however： The phrase， which Robinson takes for his title， also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies： Leonard Warren＇s 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy （1823-1891） and Paula Findlen＇s 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher （1602-1680）， another polymath.
B Young， of course， did more than write encyclopedia entries. He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday. In the paper， Young explained the process of accommodation in the human eye on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances. Young hypothesized that this was achieved by changes in the shape of the lens. Young also theorized that light traveled in waves and he believed that， to account for the ability to see in color， there must be three receptors in the eye corresponding to the three ＂principal colors＂ to which the retina could respond： red， green， violet. All these hypothesis were subsequently proved to be correct.
C Later in his life， when he was in his forties， Young was instrumental in cracking the code that unlocked the unknown script on the Rosetta Stone， a tablet that was ＂found＂ in Egypt by the Napoleonic army in 1799. The stone contains text in three alphabets： Greek， something unrecognizable and Egyptian hieroglyphs. The unrecognizable script is now known as demotic and， as Young deduced， is related directly to hieroglyphic. His initial work on this appeared in his Britannica entry on Egypt. In another entry， he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India. These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who， unlike many remarkable children， did not disappear into oblivion as an *.
D Born in 1773 in Somerset in England， Young lived from an early age with his maternal grandfather， eventually leaving to attend boarding school. He haddevoured books from the age of two， and through his own initiative he excelled at Latin， Greek， mathematics and natural philosophy. After leaving school， he was greatly encouraged by his mother＇s uncle， Richard Brocklesby， a physician and Fellow of the Royal Society. Following Brocklesby＇s lead， Young decided to pursue a career in medicine. He studied in London， following the medical circuit， and then moved on to more formal education in Edinburgh， Gottingen and Cambridge. After completing his medical training at the University of Cambridge in 1808， Young set up practice as a physician in London. He soon became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a few years later was appointed physician at St. George＇s Hospital.
E Young＇s skill as a physician， however， did not equal his skill as a scholar of natural philosophy or linguistics. Earlier， in 1801， he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution， where he delivered as many as 60 lectures in a year. These were published in two volumes in 1807. In 1804 Young had become secretary to the Royal Society， a post he would hold until his death. His opinions were sought on civic and national matters， such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction. From 1819 he was superintendent of the Nautical Almanac and secretary to the Board of Longitude. From 1824 to 1829 he was physician to and inspector of calculations for the Palladian Insurance Company. Between 1816 and 1825 he contributed his many and various entries to the Encyclopedia Britannica， and throughout his career he authored numerous books， essays and papers.
F Young is a perfect subject for a biography - perfect， but daunting. Few men contributed so much to so many technical fields. Robinson＇s aim is to introduce non-scientists to Young＇s work and life. He succeeds， providing clear expositions of the technical material （especially that on optics and Egyptian hieroglyphs）. Some readers of this book will， like Robinson， find Young＇s accomplishments impressive； others will see him as some historians have - as a dilettante. Yet despite the rich material presented in this book， readers will not end up knowing Young personally. We catch glimpses of a playful Young， doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs. Young was introduced into elite society， attended the theatre and learned to dance and play the flute. In addition， he was an accomplished horseman. However， his personal life looks pale next to his vibrant career and studies.
G Young married Eliza Maxwell in 1804， and according to Robinson， ＂their marriage was a happy one and she appreciated his work.＂ Almost all we know about her is that she sustained her husband through some rancorous disputes about optics and that she worried about money when his medical career was slow to take off. Very little evidence survives about the complexities of Young＇s relationships with his mother and father. Robinson does not credit them， or anyone else， with shaping Young＇s extraordinary mind. Despite the lack of details concerning Young＇s relationships， however， anyone interested in what it means to be a genius should read this book.
Questions 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1？
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet， write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
1 “The last man who knew everything” has also been claimed to other people.
2 All Young’s articles were published in Encyclopedia Britannica.
3 Like others， Young wasn＇t so brilliant when grew up.
4 Young＇s talents as a doctor are surpassing his other skills.
5 Young＇s advice was sought by people responsible for local and national issues.
6 Young was interested in various social pastimes.
7 Young suffered from a disease in his later years.
Questions 8-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
8 How many life stories did Young write for Encyclopedia Britannica？
9 What aspect of scientific research did Young do in his first academic paper？
10 What name did Young introduce to refer to a group of languages？
11 Who inspired Young to start the medical studies？
12 Where did Young get a teaching position？
13 What contribution did Young make to London？
文章題目：
Thomas Young—The Last True Know-it All
托馬斯·楊——最后一個(gè)無(wú)所不知的人
篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
體裁人物傳記
題目托馬斯·楊——最后一個(gè)無(wú)所不知的人
結(jié)構(gòu)A段：托馬斯·楊對(duì)百科全書的主要成就
B段：托馬斯年輕時(shí)的主要成就
C段：托馬斯晚年的主要成就
D段：托馬斯童年的生活背景及成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷
E段：托馬斯作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者取得的成就
F段： 托馬斯在其他領(lǐng)域的成就
G段：托馬斯的感情生活
試題分析
Question 1-7
題目類型：True / false /not given
題號(hào)定位詞文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)題目解析
1Other peopleA段第四句“Young has competition， however： The phrase， which Robinson takes for his title， also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies： Leonard Warren＇s 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy （1823-1891） and Paula Findlen＇s 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher （1602-1680）， another polymath.”該句中明確給出了Young還有其他的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者，他們的傳記中也同樣擁有這樣的小標(biāo)題，分別是Leonard Warren寫的關(guān)于Joseph Leidy的傳記，以及 Paula Findlen＇s寫的關(guān)于Athanasius Kircher的傳記。
因此，本題答案為True
2all， articlesB段第一、二句B段第一句 “Young， of course， did more than write encyclopedia entries.”明確表示Young所做的遠(yuǎn)不僅僅是編輯大英百科全書的詞條，因此并不是所有的都在百科全書。而在本段第二句中，作者指出，Young在20歲的時(shí)候?qū)⒆约旱牡谝黄撐淖运]給倫敦皇家學(xué)會(huì)，并在一年后成為該學(xué)會(huì)的會(huì)員： He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday。Paper與article為近意思。顯然，題干與原文含義相反。
因此，本題答案為False
3likeC段最后一句C段整體是在介紹Young晚年的主要成就，即Young長(zhǎng)大后的成就。此外，在C段最后一句中，作者明確指出Young和其他的孩子不同的一點(diǎn)在于，Young并沒有像其他那些年少成名而后來(lái)江郎才盡的孩子一樣，他后來(lái)同樣取得了非凡的成就： These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who， unlike many remarkable children， did not disappear into oblivion as an *.句中的unlike為like的反義詞，顯然題干與原文含義相反。
因此，本題答案為False
4surpassingD段第四、七句D段介紹了Young的成長(zhǎng)背景和經(jīng)歷，同時(shí)體現(xiàn)出其涉獵范圍較為廣泛。其中第四句中提到Y(jié)oung決定學(xué)醫(yī)，并且在后面的介紹中指出Young還參加戲劇演出，學(xué)習(xí)跳舞和吹笛子： He then broke with his Quaker upbringing by attending the theater and learning to dance and play the flute. In addition， he was an accomplished horseman.而在第七句中作者指出Young還是一名杰出的馬術(shù)師。但是并未指出Young在哪個(gè)方面的造詣更高，更有天賦。Surpassing這個(gè)概念并沒有在文中體現(xiàn)。
因此，本題答案為Not Given
5soughtE段第四句“ His opinions were sought on civic and national matters”，文中表明Young的很多觀點(diǎn)關(guān)注人民和國(guó)家事務(wù)。題干與原文含義相同。
因此，本題答案為True
6Interested in， social pastimeF段第七句“We catch glimpses of a playful Young， doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs.”文中指出，通過(guò)Young的醫(yī)學(xué)演講中亂寫的希臘字母和拉丁短語(yǔ)以及將一位年輕女性寫在涼亭上的詩(shī)歌翻譯成希臘挽歌便能看出他的幽默。顯然，Young對(duì)于這樣的社交娛樂(lè)是感興趣的。題干和原文相符合。
因此，本題答案為True
7disease， later yearsC段第一句，G段第一句C段第一句給出了“l(fā)ater in his life，”但是本段近講述了Young晚年在學(xué)術(shù)方面的成就；G段給出了Young的婚后生活，以及Robinson在書中并未提及Young與父母間的關(guān)系。但無(wú)論哪一個(gè)點(diǎn)都沒有提及其晚年飽受某種疾病之苦。
因此，本題答案為Not Given
題目類型：Short-answer question
8life storiesA段第一句“Thomas Young （1773-1829） contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica， including 46 biographical entries （mostly on scientists and classicists）…”該劇中的“biographical entries”指?jìng)饔浽~條，與題干中的life stories表示相同涵義。
因此，本題答案為46
9first academic paperB段第三句“In the paper， on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances， Young hypothesized that deformation of the crystalline lens accomplished the accommodation.”B段段首表明，Young將自己的第一篇論文自薦給了倫敦皇家學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)。因此本段討論的是其第一篇論文。而本段第三句指出，在這篇論文中，Young主要討論了人類眼球的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制
因此，本題答案為humaneye或human eye accommodation
10a group of languagesC段第五句“In another entry， he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India.”該句指出，Young創(chuàng)造了術(shù)語(yǔ) Indo-European來(lái)描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語(yǔ)言。
因此，本題答案為Indo-European
11inspire， medical studiesD段第四句D段前面介紹了Young童年時(shí)期的生活背景。本段第四句中則指出：“Following Brocklesby＇s lead， Young decided to pursue a career in medicine.”。顯然，正是因?yàn)?Richard Brocklesby的引導(dǎo)，Young才決定在醫(yī)學(xué)方面有所建樹。
因此，本題答案為 Richard Brocklesby
12teaching positionE段第二句“ Earlier， in 1801， he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution”，題干中的teaching position與E段第二句中的professorship均表示“教師職位”，該句明確指出，Young作為自然哲學(xué)的教授，受聘于英國(guó)科學(xué)研究所。
因此，本題答案為 Royal Institution
13LondonE段第五句“His opinions were sought on civic and national matters， such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction.”E段主要介紹了Young作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者取得的成就。而第五句則列舉了Young的兩個(gè)成就，其對(duì)于倫敦的所做出的成就在于煤氣照明的引入。
因此，本題答案為gas lighting
A我們?cè)撛鯓永斫馔旭R斯·楊（1773-1829）？他是《大不列顛百科全書》中63篇文章的作者，其中包括46篇傳記（大部分都是關(guān)于科學(xué)家和古典學(xué)者），和大量關(guān)于“橋” “色彩論” “埃及” “語(yǔ)吉” “潮汐”等的論文。一個(gè)能夠?qū)懗鲞@樣多有權(quán)威性文章的人應(yīng)該算是一個(gè)博學(xué)者？ 一個(gè)天才？還是一個(gè)業(yè)余興趣廣泛的人呢？在一篇關(guān)于他的比較激進(jìn)的傳記中，Andrew Robinson 認(rèn)為托馬斯楊是-位強(qiáng)有力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者能夠配得這樣的墓志銘“是最后一個(gè)知道任何事的人”。但是楊也要面對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)：因?yàn)檫@樣的傳記標(biāo)題Robinson不僅給了他，也作為副標(biāo)題給了有關(guān)另兩位學(xué)者的傳記：Lenard Warren 1998年著的《古生物學(xué)家Joseph Leipy的一生》（1823-1891）以及Paula Findlen 2023年著的關(guān)于另一位博學(xué)者Athanasius Kircher（1602-1680）的傳記。
B當(dāng)然楊的貢獻(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)不止寫了很多百科全書上的文章，他在20歲的時(shí)候?qū)⒆约旱牡谝黄撐淖运]給倫敦皇家學(xué)會(huì)，并在他的21歲生日后被評(píng)為一周科學(xué)人物，楊在該篇論文中解釋了人類眼睛的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制一一關(guān)于眼睛如何通過(guò)不同的距離聚焦在物體上。在后面的文章中，他更加全面地探討了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，類似牛頓，他在自己身上進(jìn)行了可怕的實(shí)驗(yàn)用以獲得相關(guān)的證據(jù)，他還得出這樣的理論：光是通過(guò)“以太”分子的振動(dòng)，以波的形式進(jìn)行傳遞的，而“以太”是一種假想物質(zhì)，其存在還存在爭(zhēng)議性。他還認(rèn)為為了能看見顏色，必須要有3個(gè)感應(yīng)器對(duì)“三原色”進(jìn)行感應(yīng)，而這三種視網(wǎng)膜對(duì)其產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)的顏色就是紅，黃，藍(lán)二種顏色。
C在他人生的晚些時(shí)候，也就是40多歲的時(shí)候，楊試圖破解鎖在羅塞塔石碑里的未知文字密碼，這個(gè)石碑是在1799年在埃及被拿破侖的軍隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的，并且從1802年起就在英國(guó)博物館進(jìn)行展出。該石碑上包含了 3種不同的字母：希臘語(yǔ)，不可辨識(shí)的文字以及埃及的象形文字。這種不可辨識(shí)的文字現(xiàn)在被認(rèn)為是正如楊所推斷的是很普通的，是和象形文字直接相關(guān)的。他最初有關(guān)這方面的工作首次出現(xiàn)在他在《大不列顛百科全書》中編纂的詞條。在另一個(gè)條目中，他創(chuàng)造了術(shù)語(yǔ)“Indo-European”來(lái)描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語(yǔ)言。這些都是這是這位從小就展露科學(xué)天賦并且不像很多孩子后來(lái)江郎才盡的科學(xué)家獲得的里程碑式的成就。
D托馬斯·楊出生在英國(guó)薩默塞特郡一個(gè)虔誠(chéng)的教友會(huì)教徒家庭，從小和他的外公一起長(zhǎng)大，最后去了寄宿學(xué)校。他兩歲的時(shí)候就博覽群書，并且自學(xué)熟練掌握了拉丁語(yǔ)，希臘語(yǔ)，數(shù)學(xué)以及哲學(xué)，在很大程度上他受到了舅舅Richard Brocklesby的鼓勵(lì)，他的舅舅也是英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)的一位內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在Brocklesby的引導(dǎo)下，楊決定要在醫(yī)學(xué)方而有所建樹，他曾先后在倫敦大學(xué)、愛丁堡大學(xué)和格丁根大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)，多虧了Brocklesby的引薦，楊進(jìn)入了英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)，他最后也打破了從小在教友會(huì)的教育，他參加戲劇演出，學(xué)習(xí)跳舞和吹笛子，此外，他還是一位杰出的馬術(shù)師。在1808年結(jié)束在劍橋大學(xué)的醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)后，楊在倫敦開了一家診所，很快他就成為皇家內(nèi)科醫(yī)生學(xué)會(huì)的一員，并且?guī)啄旰蟪蔀槭讨吾t(yī)院的一名內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。
E楊作為內(nèi)科醫(yī)生的醫(yī)術(shù)卻趕不上他作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者或是語(yǔ)言學(xué)家取得的成就，早在1801年，他已經(jīng)被任命為英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)的教授，他每年要在那里舉辦60場(chǎng)的講座。這些講座在1807年以兩本書的形式進(jìn)行出版。1804年楊就已經(jīng)成為英國(guó)朵家學(xué)會(huì)的秘書，而他獲此殊榮直至去世。他的很多觀點(diǎn)關(guān)注人民和國(guó)家事務(wù)，比如說(shuō)在倫敦引進(jìn)煤氣照明和造船方法。從1819年起，他就是航海天文年歷的主要負(fù)責(zé)人，也是Board of Longitude的秘書。從1824年到1829年，他擔(dān)任Palladian 保險(xiǎn)公司的精算師和內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在1816年和1825年間，他為《大不列顛百科全書》編纂了許多詞條，而且窮其一生著作，論文無(wú)數(shù)。
F我們通過(guò)楊在醫(yī)學(xué)課上胡亂寫的希臘字母和拉丁文短語(yǔ)以及他將一位年輕的女士寫在避暑山莊墻上的詩(shī)句翻譯成挽歌可以看出他的幽默，但是他的個(gè)人生活也因?yàn)樽约簩?duì)工作和研究的全情投入而略顯蒼白。
G他在1804年和Eliza Maxwell結(jié)婚，據(jù)Robinson所述“他們的婚姻是幸福的，因?yàn)樗姆蛉诵蕾p他的工作”。我們對(duì)于他夫人的了解僅限于她在她丈夫備受一些關(guān)于眼睛的理論方面爭(zhēng)議的時(shí)候總是堅(jiān)定地支持他，并且當(dāng)他的醫(yī)學(xué)生涯開始慢慢起飛的時(shí)候，她開始有些擔(dān)心錢的問(wèn)題。值得一提的是，楊沒有被保護(hù)的人，他都是和自己的導(dǎo)師進(jìn)行互動(dòng)一一先是他的外公，后是Brocklesby一一還有先于他過(guò)失的一些偉人（其中很多是很著名的如牛頓，楊最早在17歲讀了他寫的書）。但是關(guān)于楊和他母親以及父親的關(guān)系的記述卻鮮力人知，Robinson在說(shuō)到楊的非凡的頭腦時(shí)也并沒有將其歸功于他的父母，或許很難有這樣的巧合：過(guò)去的天才都是由于卓越的父母教育造就的。

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