劍橋雅思真題8test3閱讀 雅思閱讀同義詞替換四項(xiàng)基本原則

劍橋雅思真題8test3閱讀 雅思閱讀同義詞替換四項(xiàng)基本原則相關(guān)內(nèi)容，小編在這里做了整理，希望能對(duì)大家有所幫助，關(guān)于劍橋雅思真題8test3閱讀 雅思閱讀同義詞替換四項(xiàng)基本原則信息，一起來了解一下吧！

本文目錄一覽：

• 1、雅思閱讀熟詞多義題解析
• 2、雅思閱讀同義詞替換四項(xiàng)基本原則
• 3、劍橋雅思8閱讀 求解：劍橋雅思8 test3 7、8、9、10題的關(guān)鍵原文，急急急！

雅思閱讀熟詞多義題解析

英語(yǔ)中純粹的單義詞很少，絕大多數(shù)詞都是多義詞，即一個(gè)詞項(xiàng)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的意義。在雅思閱讀中，有很多詞匯看似很簡(jiǎn)單，很熟悉，殊不知他有多個(gè)意思。把小伙伴們都迷得暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向的。今天我來為大家收集整理了雅思閱讀熟詞多義題解析，希望小伙伴們?cè)谘潘伎荚嚂r(shí)能提高警惕，不再犯迷糊!

以下主要就雅思閱讀劍橋真題部分的一些存在熟詞多義的題目進(jìn)行解析：

1.drive

C4T1P1：

In other words， they gave no indication of an appreciation of either the range of ways in which rainforests are important or the complex social， economic and political factors which drive the activities which are destroying the rainforests.

這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)難句，一共出現(xiàn)了三處定語(yǔ)從句，一處ways in which， 一處factors which，一處activities which。

drive的主語(yǔ)為連接代詞which代指的先行詞factors，提取之后變?yōu)閒actors drive the activities， 這里如果將這里作為動(dòng)詞的drive 翻譯成駕駛，句子是完成不通順的，我們從后一處的定語(yǔ)從句中得知，activities指的是破壞雨林的行為，也就是前面的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治因素drive了一些破壞雨林的行為，也就是說，這里的drive是導(dǎo)致，迫使的意思。

C6T1P2

選項(xiàng)型SUMMARY

Q24： Manufacturers of computers， for instance， are able to import 24................. from overseas， rather than having to rely on a local supplier.

文章E段 To see how this influences trade， consider the business of making disk drives for computers. Most of the world's disk-drive manufacturing is concentrated in South-east Asia. This is possible only because disk drives， while valuable， are *all and light and so cost little to ship. Computer manufacturers in Japan or Texas will not face hugely bigger freight bills if they import drives from Singapore rather than purchasing them on the domestic market.

通過manufacturers of computers定位到E段。閱讀后我們可以知道電腦*商集中在東南亞*和進(jìn)口disk drives而不是本國(guó)市場(chǎng)。如果同學(xué)對(duì)電腦知識(shí)比較了解的話，對(duì)于drive在這里的理解應(yīng)該問題不大。根據(jù)一定的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)我們看得出這里的disk drives和disk-drive是名詞用法，可通過drive的基本含義“駕駛”進(jìn)一步引申理解，“駕駛磁盤”過渡為“讓磁盤啟動(dòng)”，正確的理解含義為：磁盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器。對(duì)應(yīng)到題目提供的選項(xiàng)“B. components”

2.subject

我們知道它由“科目”的意思，詞匯稍好的同學(xué)還會(huì)知道它還有“主語(yǔ)”和“主題”的含義。我們來看下面一題：

C5T1P2

單選題 Q20 The teacher-subjects were told that they were testing whether

A a 450-volt shock was dangerous.

B punishment helps learning.

C the pupils were honest.

D they were suited to teaching.

文章A段 Specifically， Milgram told each volunteer 'teacher-subject' that the experiment was in the noble cause of education， and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils' ability to learn.

文章這里的'teacher-subject'打了引號(hào)，也就是說即便同學(xué)你不認(rèn)識(shí)，把它當(dāng)作一個(gè)特殊詞符號(hào)，不理解不影響做題。不過明顯的是，把“科目”“主語(yǔ)”“主題”放這里，都不好理解。在雅思閱讀學(xué)術(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)類的文章中，subject是個(gè)高頻詞匯，作為“實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象”的含義來使用， 有時(shí)會(huì)同義替換為volunteer或participant。

C8T1P3

表格填空Q38 The results were then subjected to a 38…………………….

文章：In 1987， results from hundreds of autoganzfeld tests were studied by Honorton in a 'meta-*ysis'， a statistical technique for finding the overall results from a set of studies.

通過冠詞a我們可以知道此空填名詞單數(shù)，并且從表格縱軸同行的特殊定位詞in 1987，我們找到了定位句。但是定位句中存在冠詞a的三處，到底三處后的單詞填哪個(gè)呢。單詞不會(huì)，語(yǔ)法來湊，通過題目和文章的主干結(jié)構(gòu)的一致性：A be subjected to B和A be studied By B in C， 由于Honorton是人名且不符合填詞規(guī)定，順理成章的'meta-*ysis'成為我們的選填對(duì)象。那subject to到底什么意思呢，通過文章，我們可以知道大概是被研究的意思，查了字典我們就了解，正確含義為“受…支配”。

類似的用法單詞還有：

1. state n. (美國(guó)的)州，狀態(tài)，*，adj. 國(guó)家的，國(guó)立的 v.陳述，說明

C8T4P1 判斷題Q8 Private schools in Japan are more modern and spacious than state-run lower secondary schools. State-run adj國(guó)立的

C7T4P1 第5段 There was a huge initial force- five times larger than the steady state force， Gharib says. State n.狀態(tài)

2. coin n. 硬幣， v. 創(chuàng)造，鑄造

C7T1P1 E段 The American zoologist Donald Griffin， who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats， coined the term 'echolocation' to cover both sonar and radar， whether used by animals or by human instruments. Coin v 創(chuàng)造(first used)

3. spoke v. speak過去式，n 車輪的輻條(C4T1P3)

4. tuitionn. 學(xué)費(fèi)，課程，講授，教學(xué)(C4T1P1)

5. complaint n. 抱怨，*，疾病(C4T2P2)

6. Interest v. 是感興趣n. 興趣，利益，利息(C4T3P1)

7. leaves v. leave的動(dòng)詞三單形式 n.葉子(Pl)(C8T4P3)

8. press v. 按壓，n. 印刷，新聞工作者，新聞(C5T1P3/C5T4P2)

(pressing adj. 迫切的，急切的 C7T1P2)

希望以上內(nèi)容能對(duì)大家有所幫助!我預(yù)祝大家在雅思閱讀考試中能夠取得理想的成績(jī)!更多信息敬請(qǐng)關(guān)注雅思頻道!

雅思閱讀同義詞替換四項(xiàng)基本原則

1詞性之間的替換

詞性的替換主要是指題目中的關(guān)鍵信息與原文中的內(nèi)容在詞性上做了變化而已。這樣的替換相對(duì)來說，難度系數(shù)偏低，只需要考生能夠辨認(rèn)出相同的詞根即可。

Example 1：

Cambridge8，Test3中Q35：Through mutations, organi*s can 35 better to the environment.首先通過mutation一詞將此填空題在原文定位到第C段”Because of changes in the genetic material (mutations) these have new characteristics and in the course of their individual lives they are tested for optimal or better adaptation to the environmental conditions.”然后尋找空后關(guān)鍵詞better to，根據(jù)空格前的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can推測(cè)空格處只能填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，而且是原形，還要能和to搭配。這么一來，這句話里只有一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)詞比較合適：adaption，將其變形為動(dòng)詞adapt即可。

Example 2：

Cambridge6，Test2中Q17Q18：This is largely due to developments in 17 , but other factors such as improved 18 may also be playing a part.定位到原文第四段”Clearly, certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances. But there may be other contributing factors. Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century….”表明有些疾病是被medical advances打敗的。根據(jù)空格前的介詞可以判斷17題缺一個(gè)跟developments相關(guān)的名詞。正確選項(xiàng)是medical的同根詞M(medicine)。而18題是一個(gè)被improved修飾的名詞，原文中improvements是它的同根詞，所以答案是選項(xiàng)J (nutrition)。

這樣的替換，即使單詞是陌生的，卻可以通過相同的詞根或詞形來幫助考生去挑選答案。要想掌握好這樣的替換，也就要求考生盡可能地去多熟悉英語(yǔ)詞匯中各種詞根與詞綴的應(yīng)用。

劍橋閱讀中出現(xiàn)的同根詞變身：

ability → able

diabetic → diabetes

secrete → secretions

fertilise → fertilisers

creativity → creative

investigative → investigate

prefer → preference

emit → emission

predictability → predicted

2同義詞/近義詞之間的替換

同義詞替換是指考題與原文中的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容用同義詞進(jìn)行一種互換。此類替換占據(jù)同義替換現(xiàn)象的大部分內(nèi)容，而且?guī)缀跛械念}型都會(huì)有這樣的替換現(xiàn)象。且大量常見的詞都會(huì)主要是以名詞與動(dòng)詞為主。

Example 3：

Cambridge6，Test4的Q9：Kim Schaefer’s marketing technique may be open to critici* on moral grounds.在原文第三段中定位到”Selling pharmaceuticals is a daily exercise in ethical judgment,”其中ethical即為原文中moral的同義詞。

考生只需要在平時(shí)增加詞匯量時(shí)有意識(shí)地去注意一些常見同義詞，雅思閱讀的解答也就變得簡(jiǎn)單很多了。其實(shí)嚴(yán)格意義上來講，同義詞應(yīng)該還包括一些常用詞組或短語(yǔ)之間的一種互換。

Example 4：

Cambridge7，Test4的Q19：Between 1940 and 1959, there was a sharp decrease in Alaska's salmon population.此題為是非判斷題。利用between 1940 and 1959定位到原文第4段Between 1940 and 1959, overfishing led to crashes in salmon population so severe that in 1953 Alaska was declared a federal disaster area. 原文中的crashes與題干中的sharp decrease屬于近義詞(語(yǔ)義相同的詞)之間的替換。

Example 5：

Cambridge6，Test1的Q38Q39：In recent years, many of them have been obliged to give up their 38 lifestyle, but they continue to depend mainly on 39 for their food and clothes.定位到原文D段：Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the territory’s 28 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing.題干中提及被迫放棄什么生活方式，因此要求填一個(gè)形容詞來修飾lifestyle。而時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in recent years是定位詞。按順序原則，原文的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)over the past 40 years正好跟in recent years對(duì)應(yīng)，abandon與give up，ways和lifestyle對(duì)應(yīng)，答案便是abandon后面的賓語(yǔ)ways的修飾語(yǔ)nomadic。同時(shí)判斷depend on后面需要填一個(gè)名詞，即依靠什么東西。而后面的food and clothes是非常好的定位詞。很快可以在原文中找到對(duì)應(yīng)depend on的rely on,而后面又有food and clothes。因此可以很清楚地判斷出rely on的賓語(yǔ)nature就是答案。

劍橋中出現(xiàn)的同義詞/近義詞

change → shift / revision

overstate → exaggerate

target → goal

comments → feedback

performance → achievement

metropolitan → city

world → global

perceive → sense / feel

calculate → measure

resemble → look like

link to → associated with

expert → scientist

hard to find → elusive

3.否定加反義之間的替換

Example 6：

Cambridge7，Test1的Q33：In the follow-up class, the teaching activities are similar to those used in conventional classes.根據(jù)順序原則以及follow-up可以定位到原文第6段。Such methods are not unusual in language teaching.題干中similar to和原文的not unusual屬于否定加反義之間的替換。

Example 7：

Cambridge8，Test3的Q38：In principle, it is possible for a biological system to become older without ageing.可以定位到原文第三段Thus ageing and death should not be seen as inevitable, particularly as the organi* possesses many mechani* for repair.題干中possible是原文not inevitable的否定加反義替換。

劍橋閱讀中出現(xiàn)的否定加反義替換

downward → not rising

not traditional → radical new approaches

with no rain at all →droughts

4.上下義詞之間的替換

所謂上下義，是指替換的詞語(yǔ)之間通常有一種從屬關(guān)系。在雅思的閱讀中這類替換往往出現(xiàn)在段落配對(duì)題之中，題目中給的是一個(gè)具有屬性或者是表示概念的詞語(yǔ)，而在原文中出現(xiàn)的替換詞卻是一個(gè)具體或者是細(xì)節(jié)的信息，考察考生對(duì)這兩者之間從屬關(guān)系的配對(duì)。

Example 8：

Cambridge6，Test3的Q28：Studies show drugs available today can delay the process of growing old。此題為是非判斷題，定位詞為“drugs”，在原文中定位，我們能在文章第一段找到“As researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging—the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we get older”。原文中treatment即為題干中drugs的上義詞。

Example 9：

Cambridge7，Test1的Q5：early military use of echolocation 。此段落信息配對(duì)題在原文定位的句子是“it was only a matter of time before weapons designers adapted it for the detection of submarines.之所以這樣定位，就是原文中weapon一詞作為題干中military的下義詞出現(xiàn)。

劍橋閱讀中出現(xiàn)的上下義詞替換

chemical → fertilizer and pesticide

military → Second World War

body language → gesture

farming → grow plants and herd animals

environment → light, sound and warmth

四種難度依次遞增的同意替換，使雅思閱讀的考題顯得變換無窮，同時(shí)也將閱讀的難度提到了一個(gè)不同的高度。所以有很多考生抱怨，題目特點(diǎn)和解題技巧都很清楚，定位詞也能找準(zhǔn)，可就是定位不到題目在原文中對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容的位置。其實(shí)這源于考生沒有真正了解雅思閱讀考查詞匯的變形。所以考生只要掌握4、6級(jí)詞匯，熟悉以上四種替換原則，在原文中尋找這些替換表達(dá)，即可快速且準(zhǔn)確地完成定位和答題。

劍橋雅思8閱讀 求解：劍橋雅思8 test3 7、8、9、10題的關(guān)鍵原文，急急急！

劍橋雅思真題集3、4、5、6、7，其中劍6是相對(duì)比較難；劍橋雅思真題集3、4、5、7、8，可以用來做練習(xí)了解題型，劍6是相對(duì)比較難，可以用來做雅思?？?；
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祝你好運(yùn)！取得理想的雅思成績(jī)！
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